Subject: NGC 2001 - NGC 2500 revised notes 3/17/05 From: Steve Gottlieb Date: Thu, 17 Mar 2005 16:45:50 -0800 To: Bob Erdmann [This file updated by seperate e-mail dated 02/19/2006] NGC 2003 = ESO 086-SC006 = S-L 526 05 30 54.3 -66 27 59 V = 11.3; Size 2.1 13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): this compact cluster in the LMC appeared fairly faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Appears to have a star involved or increases to a sharp stellar nucleus. The 3' starcloud Shapley-Lindsay 553 lies 9' ENE. ************************************************************ NGC 2013 05 44 02 +55 47.6 Size 4 18" (11/6/04): This unimpressive asterism consists of two small groups of stars to the NW of mag 8.9 HD 37880. A group ~3' NW of the brighter star is a quartet containing two mag 10.5 stars, while 6' NW is a evenly distributed quintet of mag 11-12 stars. Also, a couple of arcminutes further NW are 3 stars including a double. The three small groupings are extended NW to SE and span 7', although John Herschel's description probably just applies to the first two groups which are 4' diameter. ************************************************************ NGC 2017 = h3780 = E554-**22 05 39 16 -17 51.0 18" (3/13/04): Six stars mag 7-10 within 3.5' in a multiple group of 6 stars. The stars are generally separated by at least 1' with the widest separation at 2'. The brightest star is mag 6.4 HD 37643. 8": this is the multiple star h3780. Six stars are visible including mag 7, 8, 8.5, 9 and 10 stars but this object does not appear to be a cluster. ************************************************************ NGC 2022 = PK 196-10.1 = PN G196.6-10.9 05 42 06.2 +09 05 10 V = 11.7; Size 29"x28" 17.5" (2/2/02): immediately picked up at 100x as a very small, bluish-gray "egg" of fairly high surface brightness. Good contrast gain with OIII filter. At 380x (unfiltered), it appeared as fairly bright, clearly elongated SSW-NNE, ~27"x20". The surface brightness was irregular or mottled with a slightly brighter rim and darker center giving a weakly annular appearance. The rim seems to have a couple of slightly brighter spots and the ends of the minor axis are slightly dimmer. No sign of a central star. 17.5" (12/8/90): fairly bright, slightly elongated 4:3 ~SSW-NNE, about 30" diameter. Appears slightly annular at 412x with a brighter rim. No central star seen at this power. 13": moderately bright, high surface brightness. No internal structure was visible. ************************************************************ NGC 2023 = LBN 954 = Ced 55o 05 41 38.3 -02 15 33 Size 10x10 13.1": fairly prominent nebulosity surrounds mag 7.8 SAO 132464. The Horsehead nebula lies 15' SW. 8": moderately bright, surrounds a mag 8 star. ************************************************************ NGC 2024 = Flame Nebula = Ced 55p 05 41 43 -01 51.4 Size 30x30 17.5": bright, very large. Consists of two main parallel sections elongated SSW-NNE separated by prominent detailed dark lanes. Excellent structure with ragged edges, gaps, streaks, rifts and various brightness levels. Zeta Orionis 15' NE detracts and the best view is unfiltered. 8": fairly bright, large. Consists of two parallel strips separated by a dark lane. The eastern strip is longer. Appears possibly broken (gap) at the base of "U". Best view with UHC filter. ************************************************************ NGC 2026 05 43.1 +20 08 17.5": At 220x, ~30 stars in a 6' region including three mag 9-9.5 stars (mag 8.7 SAO 77440 and mag 9.3 SAO 77448). Most of the stars are mag 11-13. The group lacks any concentration and appears to be an asterism with the three brighter stars drawing attention to the group. However, there is a small arc of a half a dozen mag 13 stars that includes SAO 77448 at the SE corner and a nice clump of mag 13 stars is just south of the mag 9.5 star at the north end of the group. Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC. Discovered by WH (VIII 28) and described as "a cluster of pretty large scattered stars. Not rich." Reinmuth found "no distinct Cl" and followed by RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2027 = ESO 086-SC13 = S-L 592 05 35 00.4 -66 54 55 13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): huge starcloud, roughly elongated E-W, ~35'-40' in length (fills 105x field) by 20'. At the E end is the bright cluster N2041 and a denser group of stars, N2034 while the cluster, N2006 is at the NW end! ************************************************************ NGC 2029 = ESO 086-SC15 05 35 40.8 -66 02 06 13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): fairly bright, fairly large, 3'x1.5', elongated N- S. This LMC object appears to be a cluster with nebulosity. A half-dozen stars mag 12-13 are resolved over an irregular background haze (unresolved stars?). Located 32' N of mag 6.2 HD 37935. N2003 lies 38' SW. Jenni Kay notes that the GC/NGC positions for N2029 and N2030 are reversed from JH's original positions of h2911 and h2910, respectively. In this case, N2030 should be part of the Seagull Nebula and N2029 would be an isolated nebula (all modern sources reverse the identifications). ************************************************************ NGC 2034 = ESO 086-SC14 05 35 33 -66 54.2 13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): at 105x this is an interesting, elongated cluster NW of the compact cluster N2041 and located at the E end of a very large cloud of stars extending to the SW. This condensed portion of the cloud contains a couple of dozen mag 12-13 star and a wide pair of mag 10 stars on the NW side. The resolved stars are embedded in an unresolved glow of fainter stars, ~4'x2', extended E-W in a crescent shape, concave towards the north (arching N on the S side). ************************************************************ NGC 2041 = ESO 086-SC16 = S-L 605 05 36 28.0 -66 59 29 V = 10.4; Size 0.7 13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): at 105x, this LMC cluster appears bright, fairly small, round, 1' diameter, high surface brightness. Symmetrical appearance and increases to a very small bright core and a stellar nucleus. This young, massive cluster is located ~7' SE of the elongated cluster N2034 and at the E end of the very large, extended starfield N2027 (roughly E-W) which includes N2026 and N2002 on the western side. ************************************************************ NGC 2042 = ESO 056-SC163 = S-L 601 05 36 09.6 -68 55 24 Size 4 18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly large, isolated patch of stars and haze, ~5' in size. Includes roughly two dozen stars in an elongated group including a few mag 10 stars over unresolved haze. Two additional knots of stars and haze are to the NW (not in NGC/IC) and form an obtuse isosceles triangle with N2042. The two knots are 5' NW and S-L 585 at 10' NW . Located just 17' NW of the center of the Tarantula Nebula. ************************************************************ NGC 2044 = ESO 056-SC165 = 30 Dor C 05 36 06.2 -69 11 55 Size 4.5 18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): group of about a dozen stars in a 3' diameter at 171x dominated by three brighter stars in a 1' E-W string. Both the east and west "stars" in this line are actually compact clusters with multiple components on a HST image. Situated in the outer portion of the 30 Doradus complex 16' from the central core. Like N2060, this cluster also harbors a young SNR! ************************************************************ NGC 2049 = ESO 424-011 = MCG -05-14-011 = PGC 17657 05 43 15.2 -30 04 42 V = 12.8; Size 2.0x1.0; SB = 13.3; PA = 168d 17.5": fairly faint, small, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, bright core. ************************************************************ NGC 2050 = ESO 056-SC170 = S-L 609 05 36 41.8 -69 22 49 18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x, appears as just a locally brighter spot containing perhaps a dozen stars over a hazy background glow, ~2' in diameter. Embedded in the edge of an amazing linear stream of stars which runs through the field from SW to NE which begins just off the south side of the tendrils of the Tarantula Nebula and heads SW towards N2050! ************************************************************ NGC 2060 = ESO 057-EN001 = 30 Dor B = SNR 0538-69.1 = N157B 05 37 46.9 -69 10 18 Size 2 18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this fairly small knot of nebulosity is situated just SW of the main mass of the Tarantula nebula approximately 7' from the center. About a half-dozen mag 12-14 stars are involved with a total diameter of 2'. Studies have shown a this nebula hourse a compace x-ray source and a rapidly rotating pulsar, indicating this object is a Crab-like supernova remnant in the LMC! (see IAU Circ., 6810, 2 (1998)). ************************************************************ NGC 2064 = LBN 939 = Ced 55s 05 46 18.4 +00 00 21 Size 12x2 17.5": very faint reflection nebula in the M78 complex, but clearly visible. Appears elongated 2:1 SW-NE, at most 2'x1'. There are no involved stars. Located 7' SW of M78 and 4' SE of a mag 10.5 star. The large listed dimensions refer to a very elongated strip extending NNE on the west side of M78. 13": very faint reflection nebula, small. Located 7' WSW of M78 and 4' SE of a mag 10.5 star. This difficult object is near the visual threshold. ************************************************************ NGC 2067 = Ced 55t 05 46 26.3 +00 05 43 Size 8x3 13.1": extremely faint, suspected reflection nebula 5' WNW of M78. Sighting uncertain as only visible fleetingly. [It's not clear from my description whether I observed the very low surface brightness circular patch NW of M78 or the brightest portion of the streamer pointing towards N2064]. Discovered by Tempel (I). According to Corwin, "NGC 2067 is a part of the large complex of nebulae around M78 = N2068. Found by Tempel, neither the position nor the description makes it really clear as to which part of the nebula he saw. The first position I give in the main table is for a large patch of pretty low surface brightness nebulosity about 5 arcmin northwest of M78. But this is not the brightest nebulosity in the area. That is a knot about 3 arcmin southwest, the brightest part of a long faint streamer pointed toward NGC 2064. This, however, is much more east than north of M78, while Tempel says that M78 is to the south. So, a bit of a mystery here -- which part of the nebulosity was Tempel refering to? I've stuck with the larger more northerly end of the nebula, but could well be wrong, so have also put the southern knot in the main table." ************************************************************ NGC 2068 = M78 = Ced 55u 05 46 46.7 +00 04.7 V = 8.0; Size 8x6 17.5" (12/20/95): very bright reflection nebula surrounding two mag 10.5 stars with a mag 13 star involved at the S end. Large, irregular shape, 6'x4'. Brightest along the north side which has a sharply defined slightly bowed-out edge with one of the mag 10.5 stars near the midpoint. A brighter knot is just following this star. Irregularly fans out towards the south and fades with no distinct borders but tapers somewhat at the south edge. 17.5" (2/1/92):very bright, surprisingly large, 6'x4'. Surrounds two mag 10 stars although the nebulosity extends further to E of these stars. Also a mag 13 star is embedded in the SE end. Brighter and sharper edge gently curves from W to N side. Appears to fan out to the SE where the nebula gradually fades into background. Brightest in a group of reflection nebulae including N2064 7' SW and N2067 6' WNW. 8": bright reflection nebula, large, NW edge brighter and sharper, elongated, roughly rectangular, wide pair of mag 10 stars involved, striking. Brightest in a group of reflection nebulae. ************************************************************ NGC 2069 = ESO 057-EN007 05 38 47 -69 01.5 18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this is the northern outer loop of the Tarantula Nebula which John Herschel listed separately. Described as "almost, or entirely, detached from it." See observing notes for N2070. ************************************************************ NGC 2070 = Tarantula nebula = 30 Doradus = E057-EN6 = N 157A 05 38 38 -69 05.6 V = 8.3; Size 40 20" f/5 (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): the Tarantula is the largest known emission region (800-1000 light years) and is easily visible to the naked- eye from Australia. The view of the Tarantula early in the morning through a 20" f/5 f/5 at 127x (20 Nagler) and OIII filter was jaw-dropping! Near the center are several bright loops and arcs. Extending out are a number of convoluted loops including one heart-shaped arch which is quite large. Running out from the nebula are streaming lanes of nebulosity. One in particular runs a long ways and the outer loops and streamers seem to merge into some of the nearby HII regions forming a mind-boggling complex. There are perhaps 10 different loops and ribbons in the main body giving a 3-dimensional affect. Near the center lies an extremely compact cluster of superluminous stars (R136) but only a few were visible including what appears to be a single bright star. Also a number of additional stars are scattered about the main body. 12" (6/29/02 - Bargo, Australia): first view of the Tarantula in Les Dalrymple's 12" was early in the evening, very low in the southern sky (20? elevation) and without a filter. Even under these conditions it was a fascinating sight ? fairly bright, detailed, 15' convoluted, mottled nebulosity with several striking loops or ribbons which radiate out from the central region. Sweeping in the nearby fields I ran across numerous small knots of nebulosity and small clusters. Contains the extremely dense open cluster R136. ************************************************************ NGC 2071 = LBN 938 = Ced 55v 05 47 07.2 +00 17 39 Size 4x3 17.5" (12/20/95): fairly bright reflection nebula surounding a mag 9.5 star, 3.5' diameter. Shape appears irregular (although no distinct borders) but extends more to the S side of the star which has a faint companion close S. A second mag 9.5 star (not involved) lies 3.5' NW. The field is strangely lacking in stars due to obscuration. 17.5" (2/1/92): fairly bright reflection nebula surrounds a mag 10 star although extends farther S. A second mag 13 star is embedded just S of the bright star. The round outline gradually fades into the background. A mag 10 star is 3.5' NW but the field is strangely devoid of stars due to obscuring dust. Located 15' NNE of M78. 8": faint reflection nebula. Located 15' NNE of M78. Surround the SE member of a mag 10 double star. ************************************************************ NGC 2073 = ESO 554-031 = MCG -04-14-024 = PGC 17772 05 45 53.9 -21 59 58 V = 12.4; Size 1.5x1.4; SB = 13.1 17.5": fairly faint, very small, round, bright core, stellar nucleus. Located 35' NE of the wide bright double star Alpha Leporis 3.6/6.3 at 90". ************************************************************ NGC 2076 = MCG -03-15-012 = PGC 17804 05 46 47.1 -16 46 54 V = 13.0; Size 2.2x1.3; SB = 14.0; PA = 45d 17.5": moderately bright, fairly large, oval SW-NE, fairly high surface brightness but no distinctive core. Several bright stars are nearby including mag 7.8 SAO 150803 8' NNE and mag 9.2 SAO 150795 5' WNW. ************************************************************ NGC 2089 = ESO 554-036 = MCG -03-15-016 = PGC 17860 05 47 51.4 -17 36 08 V = 11.9; Size 1.9x1.1; SB = 12.6; PA = 39d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, bright core, stellar nucleus. Collinear with a mag 11 star 1.6' SSE and a mag 12 star 2.8' SSE of center. ************************************************************ NGC 2090 = ESO 363-023 = MCG -06-13-009 = PGC 17819 05 47 01.8 -34 15 02 V = 11.2; Size 4.9x2.4; SB = 13.7; PA = 13d 13.1": faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 ~N-S, 2.5'x0.8'. A mag 13 star is at the N tip 1.5' from center. ************************************************************ NGC 2092 = ESO 057-SC022 05 41 22.0 -69 13 27 Size 1.2 18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): very faint round knot, ~40" diameter with a brighter core. Located 4' W of N2100 and 17' SE of the center of the Tarantula. ************************************************************ NGC 2099 = M37 = Cr 75 05 52 19 +32 33.2 V = 5.6; Size 24 8": very large, very rich cluster, over 150 stars, rich in mag 10-13 stars. A red star is near the center. Best of the three bright Messier open clusters in Auriga and one of the top open clusters in the sky. ************************************************************ NGC 2100 = ESO 057-SC025 = S-L 662 05 42 08.0 -69 12 44 V = 9.6; Size 2 18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this LMC cluster appears as a small, bright clumps of stars and unresolved haze (V = 9.6) with a diameter of ~2'. Fairly compact and isolated with ~10 stars mag 12 and fainter resolved. Located 20' SE of the core of the Tarantula nebula within the LMC O-association No. 111. On the DSS, this appears to be a very rich open cluster or globular. ************************************************************ NGC 2101 = ESO 205-001 = PGC 17793 05 46 22.6 -52 05 24 V = 13.7; Size 1.9x1.3; SB = 14.5; PA = 85d 13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): at 166x, this disturbed, chaotic galaxy appeared extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. The galaxy is collinear with a string of three mag 10-11 stars to the SW (closest star is 3.6' SW) and mag 14 stars are close S and ESE. Located 22' SSW of N2101. ************************************************************ NGC 2104 = ESO 205-002 = PGC 17822 05 47 04.7 -51 33 11 V = 12.7; Size 2.0x0.9; SB = 13.2; PA = 160d 13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): at 166x appears very faint, moderately large, elonagated 3:2 NNW-SSE, low even surface brightness, 1.3'x0.8'. A mag 12 star lies 5' SW. Easy to locate 29' S of mag 3.9 Beta Pictoris. N2101 lies 22' SSW. ************************************************************ NGC 2106 = ESO 555-003 = MCG -04-14-040 = PGC 17975 05 50 46.6 -21 34 01 V = 12.1; Size 2.7x1.3; SB = 13.4; PA = 100d 17.5": fairly faint, small, oval, bright core. A mag 13 star is 1.6' N and a mag 13.5 star lies 2.5' ESE. ************************************************************ NGC 2108 = ESO 057-SC033 = S-L 686 05 43 56.8 -69 10 50 V = 12.3; Size 1.8 18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): picked up while viewing N2100 located 10' WSW. At 171x it appeared as a fairly faint knot, ~1 diameter with no resolution. Located 5' NE of a mag 10 star. ************************************************************ NGC 2110 = MCG -01-15-004 = PGC 18030 05 52 11.4 -07 27 21 V = 12.4; Size 1.7x1.3; PA = 160d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated 4:3 N-S, evenly increases to bright middle and small bright core with a stellar nucleus. Located in a rich star field 6' SSW of mag 8.9 SAO 132606. Mag 5.4 55 Orionis lies 12' WSW. Appears brighter than 14p. Incorrect declination in the RNGC 10' too far N. Discovered by WH (III 448 = III 510). The NGC position matches M-01-15-004 (NGC identification listed as uncertain). The declination given in the RNGC is in error - 10' too far N. ************************************************************ NGC 2112 = Cr 76 = OCL-509 = Lund 1122 05 53 46 +00 24.6 V = 8.4; Size 11 17.5": three dozen stars over unresolved haze, roughly 10' diameter. The brightest star (mag 10) is at NW edge. Includes a string of five mag 12-13 stars on the N side but most stars are very faint. This cluster is fairly rich but not dense. Barnard's Loop passes just west of the cluster heading south and NE where it is brightest! 8": 12 faint stars mag 12/13 in cluster. Also includes one bright mag 10 star at NW edge. ************************************************************ NGC 2119 = UGC 03380 = PGC 18136 05 57 26.9 +11 56 56 V = 13.6; Size 1.2x1.0; SB = 13.6; PA = 145d 17.5": faint, very small, bright core, elongated 3:2 NW-SE in a rich star field. A mag 11 star is 2' NE. Located just 6 degrees from the galactic equator. ************************************************************ NGC 2123 = ESO 086-SC036 = S-L 755 05 51 43.5 -65 19 18 Size 1.2 13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): very faint, small, round, 30" diameter. This LMC cluster is located 50' NE of mag 4.3 Delta Doradus. In the 105x field it is 8' SE of mag 8.0 SAO 249373 and is collinear with two mag 10.5-11.5 stars 5' and 10' NE, respectively. DSFG notes this is a "relatively bright and compact group". ************************************************************ NGC 2124 = ESO 555-016 = MCG -03-16-003 = PGC 18147 05 57 52.2 -20 05 05 V = 12.6; Size 2.7x0.9; SB = 13.4; PA = 2d 17.5": moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, broadly concentrated halo. A mag 15 star is at the south edge. Located in a rich star field. ************************************************************ NGC 2126 = Cr 78 = Mel 39 = OCL-418 06 02 34 +49 52.0 Size 6 13.1": 25-30 stars mag 12-14.5, fairly dense, small, pretty cluster. The cluster is dominated by mag 6.1 SAO 40801 which lies on the NE side of the cluster. 8": 20 stars mag 12-13.5. Located close SW of a mag 6 star, appears rich with averted vision. ************************************************************ NGC 2128 = UGC 03392 = MCG +10-09-010 = CGCG 284-006 = PGC 18374 06 04 34.2 +57 37 40 V = 12.6; Size 1.5x1.1; SB = 13.1; PA = 60d 17.5": fairly faint, small, oval 3:2 SW-NE, bright core, stellar nucleus. Discovered by Swift (VI). Not found by Bigourdan. Listed as a dubious object by Hagen. Swft's dec is 29' N of U03392 = M+10-09-010 = Z284-006. Thomson feels this difference in declination precludes accepting this galaxy as N2128. See Catalogue Corrections. Since Swift's position are known to be inaccurate, I've left this ID as acceptable (possibly misread dec circle by 30'). ************************************************************ NGC 2129 = Cr 77 = OCL-467 = Lund 293 06 01 07 +23 19.4 V = 6.7; Size 7 17.5": bright, fairly rich group surrounding two mag 7.5 and 8 stars (SAO 77842 and 77839) oriented N-S. There are about three dozen stars mag 10-14 in an 5' well-detached circular group with several double stars including a faint pair preceding the northern mag 8 star. The southern mag 8 star has a couple of very faint companions. ************************************************************ NGC 2131 = ESO 488-050 = PGC 18172 05 58 47.4 -26 39 10 V = 14.1; Size 1.1x0.5; SB = 13.2; PA = 118d 17.5": very faint, very small, round, low even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is in contact on the N end. A possible companion is about 4' NW. ************************************************************ NGC 2139 = ESO 488-054 = MCG -04-15-005 = IC 2154 = PGC 18258 06 01 07.9 -23 40 25 V = 11.6; Size 2.6x1.9; SB = 13.3; PA = 140d 17.5": moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated, broad concentration, core appears offset to NW of center. A mag 14 star is at the N edge 1.3' from center and a mag 11 star lies 3.5' SSE. 8": faint, fairly small, round, broad concentration. A mag 11 star is 4' SSE. Discovered by WH (III 264). Herschel's poor position was 23 tsec W and 9' S of E488-054 = M-04-15-005. Not found on 2 nights by Howe. The position was correctly given as IC 2154 (Swift and Howe). Assuming an error in WH's position, N2139 = IC 2154 (in Dreyer's NGC correction list). This galaxy is identified as IC 2154 in MCG (-04-15-005). See Corwin's NGCBUGS for more. ************************************************************ NGC 2141 = Cr 79 = OCL-487 = Lund 203 06 02 56 +10 26.8 V = 9.4; Size 10 17.5": 20-25 faint stars mag 13-15 at 220x over extensive haze. Located within an incomplete circle of several brighter mag 11-12 stars about 8' diameter. ************************************************************ NGC 2143 06 03 07.5 +05 43 42 Size 15 18" (11/6/04): at 73x this asterism is a large, scattered rectangular group, roughly 10'x6', and elongated N-S. On the west side is a N-S string of stars while the east side is dominated by three brighter mag 9.5-10.5 stars including mag 9.6 HD 41080. Off the two northern vertices of the main rectangle, strings of stars head NW and NE extending the diameter to at least 15'. This scattered group just stands out with 31 Nagler in a fairly rich field and appears to be an asterism. Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2146 = UGC 03429 = MCG +13-05-022 = CGCG 348-017 = PGC 18797 06 18 39.0 +78 21 28 V = 10.6; Size 6.0x3.4; SB = 13.7; PA = 123d 13.1": fairly bright, fairly large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, bright core. A mag 11 double at 30" separation is just off the SE end. A few brighter mag 10- 11 stars are 6' E. N2146A lies 19' ENE. ************************************************************ NGC 2146A = UGC 03439 = MCG +13-05-025 = CGCG 348-019 = PGC 18960 06 23 55.1 +78 31 45 V = 12.9; Size 3.0x1.1; SB = 14.1; PA = 30d 13.1": very faint, fairly small, very diffuse, elongated SSW-NNE, low even surface brightness. Located 19' NE of N2146. The sign of the declination is negative in the RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2149 06 03 30.8 -09 43 50 Size 3x2 17.5": this moderately bright reflection nebula is fairly small and has a 12th magnitude (illuminating) star on the W side. Appears prominent with an OIII filter at 140x. ************************************************************ NGC 2155 = ESO 086-SC45 = S-L 803 05 58 32.3 -65 28 40 V = 12.6; Size 2.1 13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): faint, fairly small, round, 1.1' diameter, weak concentration. Near a group of mag 9-10 stars and nearly collinear with two mag 9/9.5 stars 7' NW and 13' NW. This well-studied (globular) cluster is an older intermediate-age LMC cluster, roughly 3.6 billion years old. ************************************************************ NGC 2158 = Mel 40 = Cr 81 06 07 26 +24 05.8 V = 8.6; Size 5 17.5": 30-35 stars resolved, unusually rich, compact, about 5' diameter. The appearance is similar to a resolved globular cluster. Located 30' SW of M35. 13": ~15-20 stars, mottled clump near SE edge. 8": few stars resolved over haze. Discovered by WH (VI 17). Listed as a globular in the RNGC. This is an old open cluster (> 1 billion years old). ************************************************************ NGC 2163 = Ced 62 = DG 87 = GN 06.04.9 06 07 49.5 +18 39 27 Size 3x2 17.5" (1/9/98): moderately bright reflection nebula surrounding a mag 11 star. The brightest portion of the nebula is noticeably elongated N-S from the central star and 2'-3' in length tapering towards the star. The northern extension has a slightly higher surface brightness. Located 3' W of a mag 9 star. Observed at 220x without filtration. 17.5" (12/23/92): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 N-S, ~2.5'x1.0', fairly high surface brightness. A mag 11 star is at the S tip of the bright portion and a small very faint extension appears S of this star. Located 3' W of mag 9 HD 41787. Two mag 13 stars are 1' NE and 1' N and a mag 10 star is 5' S. An evenly matched mag 10.5/10.5 double at 12" separation lies 8' WSW. This reflection nebula doesn't respond to Daystar 300 or OIII filter. Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC due to error in declination in the NGC. Plotted as Ced 62 in U2000. Discovered by Stephan at the Marseilles Observatory. In compiling the NGC, Dreyer accidentally used the declination of NGC 1741 and so the correct identification of NGC 2163 was missed by subsequent catalogues. Dreyer later caught his error and corrected the position in the IC 2 Notes and Corrections section. Skiff has recomputed Stephan's original position using precise coordinates for his offset star HD 41787 as 06 04 53.62 +18 40 08.7 (1950). At this exact location is the reflection nebula Cederblad 62 at 06 04 53.17 +18 39 55.0 just 0.45 tsec of RA and 13".7 in declination from Stephan's original coordinates! Besides the excellent positional match, Stephan described NGC 2163 as "elongated with *11 attached south" and visually this nebula appears to extend more prominently north of the mag 11.5 (central) star. On the POSS, Ced 62 is an interesting bipolar nebula with two symmetrical funnel-shaped jets extending north-south from the central star. Discussed in article on bi-polar nebulae by Ronald Stoyan in Deep Sky Observer #12. In this case it is certain that NGC 2163 = Cederblad 62 at 06 06 21 +18 39 42 (1975) and all data in the RNGC needs to be updated to describe this reflection nebula. Besides listing this object as nonexistent, RNGC reverses the sign of the declination. An incorrect position is given in Sky Catalogue 2000 and misplotted on the U2000 too far E (position corrected In U2000 V2). ************************************************************ NGC 2165 06 11 05 +51 40.6 17.5" (3/1/03): Roughly a dozen stars in a 6'x4' group at 100x. Extended E-W except for a few stars which tail off towards the N on the following end. Nine of the stars in the group are fairly evenly distributed and similar in magnitude (10.5-11). No concentration or dense spots and appears to be an asterism. Listed as a nonexistent cluster in the RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2168 = M35 = Cr 82 06 08.9 +24 20 V = 5.1; Size 28 8": very bright, very large, excellent field but not rich in faint stars, many stars in rows, loops, striking. Visible naked-eye in dark sky. ************************************************************ NGC 2169 = Cr 83 = OCL-481 = Lund 206 06 08 25 +13 57.9 V = 5.9; Size 7 17.5": 20 stars mag 7.5-13 in bright, distinctive group. Fairly small, about 6' diameter, not rich. The stars are divided into two main subgroups - along the west side is a string of six stars aligned N-S in a very shallow "V" asterism. The northern two stars in this string form the wide double ?844 = 8.8/9.9 at 24" and less than 2' S is mag 8.7 SAO 95271. The eastern subgroup consists of 9 stars forming a distinctive triangle outline and includes the close double star ?848 = 7.5/8.0 at 2.5". The brighter stars form a fairly distinctive "37" pattern! Located 0.9 degrees WSW of Xi Orionis. ************************************************************ NGC 2170 = LBN 994 = vdB 67 = Ced 63 = RAFGL 877 06 07 31.8 -06 23 57 Size 2x2 13.1": fairly bright nebulosity surrounds mag 9.5 SAO 132861. Also a star 8' ENE is slightly nebulous (vdB 69). This is the brightest and westermost in a group of reflection nebulae. ************************************************************ NGC 2174 = Ced 67a = LBN 854 = Sh 2-252 06 09 23.6 +20 39 34 Size 40x30 17.5" (1/16/02): at 64x and OIII filter, this is a beautiful, detailed nebulosity surrounding a mag 8 star (SAO 78049), extending at least 20' diameter. The OIII filter gives a dramatic contrast gain. With averted vision and careful viewing, the outer borders extend to ~25'. Structure includes interior streaky dark lanes visible to the west of the star. The rim is slightly brighter or has a higher contrast to the western edge but slightly more nebulosity is visible on the following side of the star. Without a filter at 64x, I was surprised to immediately notice a moderately bright 3' round glow, situated ~11' NNW of SAO 78049 near the NW edge of the main glow. Interestingly, this patch of nebulosity is more prominent than the main body without a filter and is probably the section of the HII complex visually discovered by Stephan! It seemed quite strange that this patch had such a different filter response and dimmed significantly with the OIII (mainly reflection component?). A curving arc of stars is situated along the north side of the glow. The entire nebula is situated among a scattered group of stars, which is often mistaken for N2175. Located 1.4 degrees ENE of Chi(2) Orionis. 17.5": very large, irregular nebulosity surrounding mag 8.0 SAO 78049. Dark lanes are evident west of the star, appears very streaky. A bright small unresolved knot is 3.2' ENE of the bright star using an OIII filter [this is N2175]. 13": very bright with filter, very large, surrounds a mag 8 star, sky very dark off W side. West of the star the nebula is mottled and streaky with a bright region near the N edge. N2174 was discovered by Stephan (Object #7, List IX, Comptes Rendus, vol 87, p. 869). His description does not describe the entire nebulosity or a scattered cluster but rather a small patch of nebulosity (without the accents): "excessive., excess., faible (a peine observable); a l'interieur d'un triangle forme par trois petites etoiles". He gives a 1878 position of 06 02 07.47, +20 40 54.4 which precesses to 06 09 24.0 +20 39 53 (2000), and falls on the NW side of the nebula. This probably needs a small correction in declination based on his reference star, but is still accurate enough to clearly identify a small brighter patch of nebulosity. His three stars are mag 13-14 in GSC and the knot of nebulosity is quite prominent on DSS just following the middle of these three stars. This star has a GSC position of 06 09 21.9 +20 39 30 (2000) and Stephan's knot appears only 30"-40" in diameter. ************************************************************ NGC 2175 = Ced 67a = LBN 854 = Sh 2-252 = Cr 84 06 09 39.5 +20 29 15 Size 40x30 17.5": See description for N2174. Although the scattered group of stars involved with the HII region is identified as N2175, the NGC description (from Auwers and Bruhns) does not refer to a cluster but rather a "*8m in neb (Auw No 21)". The position given is 10' south of N2174 and 16 tsec east. But in the IC 2 notes and correction, Dreyer gives a correction in RA from Bigourdan to 06 01 32. This places N2175 at 06 09 52 +20 29.1 (2000) and is just 1' south of the brightest section of the nebula (about 3' ENE of mag 8 SAO 78049). ************************************************************ NGC 2179 = ESO 555-038 = MCG -04-15-011 = PGC 18453 06 08 02.2 -21 44 48 V = 12.3; Size 1.7x1.2; SB = 12.9; PA = 170d 13.1": fairly faint, fairly small, almost round, broad concentration. Located 15' ENE of mag 6.0 SAO 171251. ************************************************************ NGC 2180 06 09 37.6 +04 43 03 18" (3/5/05): large, scattered group viewed at 115x with the 31 Nagler. Most distinctive is a "candy-cane" loop of a dozen mag 10-11 stars which closely wrap around to the east of mag 7.9 HD 29212 and then extends in a string to the NW ending in two mag 10 stars. A scattering of brighter stars in the vicinity increase the apparent diameter to perhaps 20'x15', though besides the half-dozen or so brighter stars this appears to be an asterism. A half-dozen mag 8.5-10 stars 10' to 12' E and N from the mag 7.1 star roughly define an eastern border to the group. Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC. though this may be an evolved, open cluster remnant that is partially stripped of former members. ************************************************************ NGC 2181 = ESO 086-SC054 = S-L 825 06 02 43.2 -65 15 52 Size 1.6 13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): extremely faint, fairly small, irregular, ~1' diameter, very low surface brightness. This LMC cluster is located 2.8' ESE of a mag 10 star. ************************************************************ NGC 2182 = LBN 998 = Ced 68 06 09 30.9 -06 19 35 Size 3x3 13.1": faint, small, nebulosity surrounding mag 9.0 SAO 132895 using averted vision. Located 28' ENE of N2170. ************************************************************ NGC 2183 = LBN 996 = Ced 69 06 10 46.9 -06 12 43 Size 1x1 13.1": very faint reflection nebula near four faint stars just SE. Forms a pair with N2185 4.8' E. Located 25' ENE of N2182. ************************************************************ NGC 2184 06 10.9 -03 31 Size 20 17.5": scattered group of 75 stars mag 8-13 in 30' diameter. Bright, very large, several bright stars including about 10 mag 9 stars and two mag 8 stars off the SE end (one of these is a nice double star). No concentration towards the center and no dense regions. Fills most of the 100x field. Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC. Discovered by JH (h382): "A large loose straggling cl of 8th class. The place is that of a double star." Reinmuth gives dimensions 30'x30' and description "Cl, vL, P, v sc, iR, st 9..." Alister Ling estimates the position 06 11.1 -03 33 (2000) which is a good match with JH. Listed as nonexistent in RNGC and not listed in Lynga #5. ************************************************************ NGC 2185 = LBN 997 = Ced 70 06 11 06.1 -06 12 38 Size 3x3 13.1": this faint reflection nebula surrounds a mag 12 star. A group of four mag 11.5-12.5 stars is 2' to 3' SW. Forms a close pair with N2183 in the N2182 group. ************************************************************ NGC 2186 = Cr 85 = OCL-498 = Lund 209 06 12 08 +05 27.5 V = 8.7; Size 4 17.5": at 140x about 30 stars in a 4' diameter including three mag 10 stars. Includes a prominent subgroup with a mag 10 star on the N side and a double star 11/12 at 10". A clump of mag 13/14 stars is just W of this subgroup. ************************************************************ NGC 2188 = ESO 364-037 = MCG -06-14-008 = PGC 18536 06 10 09.5 -34 06 22 V = 11.7; Size 4.4x1.1; SB = 13.2; PA = 175d 13.1": faint, moderately large, edge-on streak 6:1 NNW-SSE. A mag 13.5 star is at the NNW end. Located 7.8' NE of mag 8.6 SAO 196541. ************************************************************ NGC 2191 = ESO 160-014 = PGC 18464 06 08 23.8 -52 30 44 V = 12.3; Size 1.7x0.9; SB = 12.6; PA = 118d 13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): at 166x, this Carina galaxy (on border with Pictor) appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, 0.7'x0.5'. Sharply concentrated with a very small brighter core. Surrounded by several brighter stars including mag 9 HD 42537 1.9' SW and mag 9 HD 42545 5' ESE. Located 2.4 degrees W of Canopus. ************************************************************ NGC 2192 = Cr 86 = Mel 42 = OCL-437 06 15 18 +39 51.3 Size 6 13.1": two dozen very faint stars in a 4' diameter over unresolved haze. ************************************************************ NGC 2193 = ESO 086-SC57 = S-L 839 06 06 17.5 -65 05 54 Size 1.9 13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): very faint, fairly small, round, ~1' diameter, low surface brightness. N2181 lists 24' SE. This LMC globular is the most elliptical of any known globular cluster with e = 0.33 (see http://aa.springer.de/papers/9348002/2300418/sc2.htm) ************************************************************ NGC 2194 = Cr 87 = Mel 43 = OCL-485 06 13 46 +12 48.4 V = 8.5; Size 10 13.1": at least 50 stars in a 5' region including many mag 14/15 stars, very rich with averted. Includes a few brighter stars on the E edge. ************************************************************ NGC 2195 06 14 33.8 +17 38 22 17.5" (12/23/97): this close pair of mag 13/14 stars was picked up at 100x just south of a mag 10 star. At 220x and 280x this double star was cleanly resolved [10" separation] although the region between the pair and the bright star (just 30" from the southern star) appeared slightly hazy, probably due to two additional very close faint stars just below resolvability. At 410x, at least one very faint sparkle was occasionally glimpsed close to the mag 10 star. It is not difficult to see why Lohse may have suspected this object to be nebulous. Coincidentally, a very faint reflection nebula (GN 06.11.5) is located 6.7' NNW and it is identified as N2195 in RNGC. Lohse's position is 17 tsec W of a double star (with two additional very faint stars in a chain). His description of a mag 10 star 30" north, pins down this identification. Interestingly, on my first observation of this object, I also thought it was nebulous - either due to glare from the mag 10 star or the closeness of the chain of the stars. Coincidentally, there is a very faint (reflection) nebula 6.7' NNE in the same field which was also visible in my 17.5" and this object has the same RA as Lohse's original position. The RNGC has incorrectly picked this object as N2195. See NGCBUGS and e-mail discussion on sci.astro.amateur 12/97. Wolfgang Steinicke has this to say about Lohse: The discoverer was Gerhard Lohse, a German working at Scarborough using a 15,5 inch refractor. The object is one of 18 nebulae (from a total of 20) Dreyer put into the NGC. Lohse is among the observers with the poorest statistics: Only 3 objects are real nebulae (the galaxies NGC 2518, 2565, 6792)! 12 are stars (or asterisms), 3 are "not found". From the existing, NGC 2518 is the faintest, but an easy object with V around 13 mag a and compact core (in NPM1G). Due to this, it is questionable, if he really saw GM1-45. The description of a 10 mag star 31" N matches the small group. In general Lohse's positions are not bad, there are "objects" at the places, but in most cases no nebulae. ************************************************************ NGC 2196 = ESO 556-004 = MCG -04-15-014 = UGCA 121 = PGC 18602 06 12 09.5 -21 48 27 V = 11.0; Size 2.8x2.2; SB = 12.8; PA = 45d 13.1": fairly bright, fairly small, almost round, increases to a small bright core. ************************************************************ NGC 2202 06 16 51 +05 59.8 17.5": fairly distinctive asterism at 100x (20 Nagler), consisting of a bulbous mushroom-shaped ring of about a dozen fairly bright stars with a few others nearby. Within this irregular ring is a nice, mag 9.1/10.8 double (SAO 113671) at 10" separation. Adding to the effect is a straight trail of stars from the double forming a 10' "stem" heading to the NNE and containing a mag 8.7 star (SAO 113677). Listed as a nonexistent cluster in the RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2204 = Cr 88 = Mel 44 = E556-SC007 06 15 33 -18 40.0 V = 8.6; Size 13 13.1": two dozen stars mag 12-14 in a 10' diameter. Two mag 9 stars are on the SW and NW edge and many stars are aligned in strings. Mag 6.0 SAO 151274 in field to NNW about 11'. ************************************************************ NGC 2206 = ESO 489-026 = MCG -04-15-019 = UGCA 123 = PGC 18736 06 15 59.9 -26 45 57 V = 12.2; Size 2.4x1.3; SB = 13.3; PA = 138d 17.5": moderately bright, small, almost round, small bright core. A star is superimposed very close E of the core. ************************************************************ NGC 2207 = ESO 556-008 = MCG -04-15-020 = UGCA 124 = PGC 18749 06 16 22.0 -21 22 21 V = 10.8; Size 4.3x2.8; SB = 13.4; PA = 112d 13.1": moderately bright, moderately large, bright core, double nuclei. A faint extension is visible to the east. This is an unusual interacting pair and the extension to the east is IC 2163. ************************************************************ NGC 2208 = UGC 03452 = MCG +09-11-010 = CGCG 260-007 = NPM1G +51.0053 = PGC 18911 06 22 34.7 +51 54 34 V = 12.8; Size 1.7x1.0; SB = 13.3; PA = 110d 17.5": fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 E-W, weak concentration. A mag 13 star is 1.1' W of center. ************************************************************ NGC 2211 = ESO 556-013 = MCG -03-16-021 = PGC 18794 06 18 30.3 -18 32 14 V = 12.7; Size 1.4x0.7; SB = 12.5; PA = 22d 17.5": fairly faint, very small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, small bright core. Forms a pair with N2212 1.5' NE. ************************************************************ NGC 2212 = ESO 556-014 = MCG -03-16-022 = PGC 18796 06 18 35.7 -18 31 10 V = 13.5; Size 1.5x0.8; SB = 13.5; PA = 136d 17.5": extremely faint, very small, round, very low surface brightness. A line of three equally spaced mag 14 stars begins 1.5' E and ends 1.3' N. Forms a pair with N2211 1.5' SW. ************************************************************ NGC 2215 = Cr 90 = Mel 45 = OCL-550 06 20 50 -07 17.0 V = 8.4; Size 11 17.5" (12/28/94): about 50 stars mag 11-14 in a 12' region, pretty evenly distributed and stands out well in the field at 100x. At the W edge is a faint detached group of 8 stars. Near the center are several wide pairs and one close evenly matched fainter pair. The cluster is not well defined on the E side and merges into the general field. 17.5" (2/1/92): 30 stars mag 11-14 in 10' diameter, fairly bright, elongated ~E- W, pretty evenly distributed, fairly rich although there no dense areas. Includes about 10 mag 11 stars but there is no single dominant star. The remainder are mag 12-14. Set over background haze. Stands out well in low power field. ************************************************************ NGC 2216 = ESO 556-017 = MCG -04-15-027 = PGC 18877 06 21 30.7 -22 05 14 V = 12.8; Size 1.4x1.1; SB = 13.1; PA = 20d 17.5": faint, fairly small, oval SW-NE, even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is off the SE end 1.7' from center and a mag 14.5 star is superimposed at the SE end. A group of 20 stars are in the field to the W. ************************************************************ NGC 2217 = ESO 489-042 = MCG -05-15-010 = PGC 18883 06 21 39.8 -27 14 04 V = 10.7; Size 4.5x4.2; SB = 13.8 13.1": fairly bright, small, elongated ~E-W, well concentrated with a bright core surrounded by small faint halo, stellar nucleus at moments. ************************************************************ NGC 2219 06 23 45 -04 40.6 17.5": at 100x, 15-20 fairly faint mag 13-14 stars and a few brighter stars are visible just following mag 6.7 SAO 133199. The group is elongated ~WNW-ESE and the stars are fairly evenly distributed. The SE corner is marked by a mag 7.5 star. Visually, this group appears to be a cluster as the star density is reasonably rich and the group is isolated in the field. Listed as a nonexistent cluster in the RNGC and not in the Lynga catalogue. ************************************************************ NGC 2223 = ESO 489-049 = MCG -04-16-002 = UGCA 129 = PGC 18978 06 24 36.0 -22 50 18 V = 11.6; Size 3.2x2.8; SB = 13.8; PA = 175d 17.5" (1/20/90): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is on the N end 24" from center. Apparently I missed the outer 3' low surface brightness outer halo as the superimposed star is just outside the core. 8" (1/1/84): very faint, fairly small, elongated ~N-S. ************************************************************ NGC 2225 06 26 37 -09 38.5 17.5": N2226 is the core of N2225 and consists of a 2' faint group of six mag 14 stars, over unresolved haze. A mag 10 star is 1' S and a mag 12 star is 4' N. N2225 probably also consists of several nearby mag 13.5-14 stars forming a 5' group elongated N-S. Listed as nonexistent in RNGC. Discovered by WH (VII 26). Not listed in the Lynga catalogue and described as "NOCL" in RNGC. N2225 is the core of N2226. ************************************************************ NGC 2226 06 26 37.6 -09 38 34 Size 2 17.5": faint group of six mag 14 stars over unresolved haze giving a fairly rich appearance. Forms an irregular arc 2' length N-S bending W on the S end. Located 1' N of a mag 10 star and a mag 12 star is 4' N. Several more mag 13.5- 14 stars are nearby which together as a 5' group extended N-S may equal N2225. Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC. Not in Lynga #5. Discovered by Barnard. His rough position is nearly identical to N2226. Not listed in Lynga #5 and "Not found" in RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2227 = ESO 556-023 = MCG -04-16-004 = PGC 19030 06 25 57.9 -22 00 18 V = 12.5; Size 2.1x1.1; SB = 13.3; PA = 19d 17.5": faint, fairly large, fairly diffuse, elongated ~N-S, almost even surface brightness. A mag 10 star is 8' NE. ************************************************************ NGC 2232 = Cr 93 = OCL-545 = Lund 220 06 28 02 -04 50.8 V = 3.9; Size 30 17.5": at 100x appears as a scattered group of bright stars surrounding 10 Monocerotis (V = 5.1) with the remaining stars forming a wedge tapering to the SW. Includes 7 brighter mag 8-10 stars and another two dozen fainter stars. Richest surrounding 10 Mon and five brighter stars form a distinctive box around the bright star. Too large and scattered for higher power. Discovered by WH (VIII 25). NGC position corresponds to the dominant star 10 Mon. The position in Lynga #5, RNGC, N2000 and SC2000 is 06 26.6 -04 45 (2000). This is about 20' too far W. The photo in Deep Space CCD is incorrectly centered on SAO 133257 at 06 26 34.4 -04 35 51. Skiff suggests a centroid position of 06 28 02 -04 50.8 based on the GSC star 4793-2505. Listed in RNGC Corrections #7. ************************************************************ NGC 2236 = Cr 94 = OCL-501 = Lund 221 06 29 40 +06 49.8 V = 8.5; Size 7 13.1": two dozen faint stars in a 5' region over background haze. The brighter stars are in a rich 1' triangular outline with the brightest mag 11 star in the cluster. A long curving arc of fainter stars emanates from the group. Fairly striking cluster. ************************************************************ NGC 2237 = Rosette Nebula = Sh 2-275 06 30.3 +05 03 Size 80x60 13.1" (11/5/83 and 1/23/82): the complete annulus of the Rosette Nebula was clearly visible surrounding the naked-eye cluster N2244. Appears brightest and broadest in the NW region with a bright knot in the NE quadrant (N2246). The SE portion is split into two shells. The western section has sharp corner on the inner edge. N2237 refers to a brighter section in the western section of the Rosette. The brighter embedded cluster, N2244, is offset within the 20', darker central region, and the SE end of the cluster (including the brightest member 12 Mon) spills over into the nebula. 8" (1/1/84): complete annulus easy visible in field at 42x or 8x50 finder with filter. Naked-eye (1/8/00): using an OIII filter, the apparent diameter of the bright cluster (N2244) noticeably increases in size due to the surrounding nebulosity although the overall brightness is slightly less with the filter. ************************************************************ NGC 2238 = Rosette Nebula = LBN 948 = Ced 76a = Sh 2-275 06 30 40.4 +05 00 47 13.1": small knot on the west side of the Rosette Nebula. See N2237 for description. ************************************************************ NGC 2239 = N2244 = Cr 99 = Mel 47 = OCL-515 = Ced 76b 06 31 55 +04 56.6 See observing notes for N2244. Listed by JH (h392) under the synonym VII 2 = N2244. Catalogued in Lynga as OCL-512 although h's description "the place of a *8 in most compressed part of a large, poor but brilliant cl." describes N2244 (central cluster in the center of the Rosette) with a 1.0 tmin error in RA. Although h originally made the equivalence with N2244, he listed N2239 separately (probably because of the 1 tmin difference in RA) in GC. The identification with N2244 was noticed by Alister Ling. Reinmuth puts both together as "NGC 2239 and 2244 B Cl, pL, P, sc, B st in eeL dif neb". ************************************************************ NGC 2242 = PK 170+15.1 = Z204-005 = PN G170.3+15.8 06 34 07.4 +44 46 38 V = 15.2; Size 20" 17.5": faint, small, almost round. Unusually weak filtration response as appears similar brightness or slightly fainter using filters! Estimate V = 14.5. This object was recently discovered to be a planetary in 1985 (Shaw and Bidelman) and is listed in the CGCG. Swift discovered this nebula in 1887 (list VI). It is listed in RNGC and CGCG (204-005) as a galaxy although the RNGC new description reads "R, HISB, STEL, PLN??". In 1985, spectroscopic investigations by Richard Shaw and William Bidelman revealed that N2242 in indeed a previously uncatalogued planetary nebula (also independent discovery by Machara (A&A 178, 221). Listed as a new planetary nebula in Kohoutek's 4th update list (AN 315, 1994). So, the RNGC type needs to be changed to 4 (planetary). Not listed in MCG. See RNGC Corrections #2. ************************************************************ NGC 2243 = Cr 98 = Mel 46 = E426-SC016 06 29 35 -31 16.9 V = 9.4; Size 5 13.1": fairly small faint cluster located just 8' SW of mag 7.4 SAO 196879. Consists of unresolved haze except for four stars on the W edge and a few stars on the E edge are possible members. ************************************************************ NGC 2244 = Cr 99 = Mel 47 = OCL-515 = Ced 76b = N2239 06 31 55 +04 56.6 V = 4.8; Size 24 17.5" (2/11/96): unusually bright, large cluster of ~15'x5' elongated NW-SE in a rectangular outline and situated in the heart of the Rosette Nebula! The brightest 8 mag 6/7 stars lie along the sides and vertices of the rectangle with the brightest member, yellowish 12 Mon (V = 5.9), residing at the SE vertex. There are ~40 stars within the cluster although the only concentration is 15 mag 11/12 stars surrounding mag 6.8 SAO 114010 (W of center) and trailing to the E towards the wide bright pair of mag 8 stars E of center (one of these stars is a close double). 8": bright, large cluster in the center of the Rosette Nebula. The six brightest stars form a rectangular outline with the brightest star 12 Monocerotis (V = 5.9) at the SE corner. At the N and NW corners of the rectangle are two bright wide pairs with mag 7/8 stars. Many faint stars are near the center surrounding the wide pairs. Faint naked-eye cluster in dark sky. ************************************************************ NGC 2245 = LBN 904 = Ced 80 = PP 62 = P 13 06 32 41.2 +10 09 24 Size 5x3 17.5": bright, fairly large, about 3' diameter, elongated SW-NE. Fans out to the SW from a fairly bright mag 11 star at the NE end. Fades smoothly into background. Located 2' WSW of mag 8.0 SAO 95816. Reflection nebula N2247 lies 12' NNE. ************************************************************ NGC 2246 = Rosette Nebula = Sh 2-275 06 32 33.8 +05 07 42 13.1": this is a brighter patch on the NE side of the Rosette Nebula. A slightly darker gap in the annulus is located at the west end of this portion. ************************************************************ NGC 2247 = LBN 901 = Ced 81 06 33 05.1 +10 19 17 Size 4x3 17.5" (1/19/91): fairly faint, fairly small, oval shape. Surrounds a bright mag 8.5 star although extends further to the east side of the star. Reflection nebula N2245 lies 12' SSW. 13" (1/18/85): fairly faint nebulosity surrounds mag 8 star, round, fans out to S in direction of three faint stars. ************************************************************ NGC 2251 = Cr 101 = OCL-499 = Lund 232 06 34 39 +08 22.0 V = 7.3; Size 10 17.5" (3/12/94): about 40 stars mag 10.5-14 in an 11'x4' fairly rich string NW- SE. Includes about 10 brighter mag 11 stars. The brightest mag 9.5 star is part of a small, roundish subgroup on the W side and is a pleasing double with components mag 9.5/12 at 10". This subgroup has three brighter stars and 15 faint stars mostly W of the double. The main string is fairly uniform except for an empty 3' gap SE of the mag 9.5 star. Located 5' NW of the cluster is an isolated mag 10 star which appears to be a field star. 17.5" (2/1/92): 35 stars mag 10-14 in 12'x6' string NNW-SSE, bright, moderately large, fairly rich but not dense. Consists of 3 main subgroups. The W group is 2' diameter and includes a close double star 10/12 at 10". The NW group is 3' diameter and includes two mag 11 stars with three mag 13 stars between. The SE group is largest and includes 15 stars in a 6' string very elongated N-S with a close double star. ************************************************************ NGC 2252 = Cr 102 = OCL-514 = Lund 233 06 34 19.8 +05 19 22 V = 7.7; Size 18 18" (3/13/04): at 115x, this fairly rich field is located just 50' NE of the center of the Rosette Nebula (N2244)! Most distinctive in the field is a very elongated N-S group of roughly 50 stars in a 12'-15' string just 2' wide. The group has a distinctive hook on the north end as it curves sharply towards the SW. A near perfect triangle of mag 9 stars at 30", 34" and 40" separation lies 23' E. ************************************************************ NGC 2253 = UGC 03511 = MCG +11-09-008 = CGCG 308-038 = CGCG 308-002 = A0638+65 = PGC 19501 06 43 41.8 +65 12 22 V = 12.5; Size 1.5x1.1; SB = 12.8; PA = 135d 17.5" (2/1/03): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, 1.2'x0.9', small brighter core. Forms the western vertex of a triangle with two mag 11.5 stars 4' E and 4' ESE. A close pair of mag 14.5 stars (9" separation) 8' ESE looks nebulous at low power. The identification of this galaxy with N2253 is very uncertain (see identification notes), although it is much brighter than the (R)NGC candidate. Described by WH (VII 54) as "a vF patch or S. Cl of eS st." There is nothing at Corwin's re-reduced position of 06 41 52 +65 50.3 (J2000) and Bigourdan failed to find this object. RNGC and CGCG identify N2253 = MCG +11-09-007 = CGCG 308-037 at 06 43 14.7 +65 40 39 (2000). A more likely possibility noted by Corwin is N2253 = UGC 3511= MCG +11-09-008 = CGCG 308-038 (brightest in area) at 06 43 41.8 +65 12 22 (2000) although both positions are well off in RA and Dec (see observation by Ling). Finally, N2253 might be "a small group of about 10-15 stars" (identification suggested by Corwin) at a rough position of 06 42.5 +66 25 (2000). This clump is located ~30' N of H's position but doesn't match Herschel's description. So probably this number should just be left as "Not found". See NGCBUGS for more. ************************************************************ NGC 2254 = Cr 103 = OCL-500 = Lund 234 06 35 50 +07 40.4 V = 9.7; Size 4 17.5": at 220x, about two dozen stars over haze in a 3'-4' diameter. About 6 stars of mag 13 form a "C" shaped asterism open on the E side. The brightest mag 13 star is on the NW side of this arc. The rest of cluster members are 14- 15th magnitude. ************************************************************ NGC 2256 = UGC 03519 = MCG +12-07-015 = CGCG 330-114 = PGC 19602 06 47 13.9 +74 14 11 V = 12.5; Size 2.3x2.0; SB = 14.0 17.5": fairly faint, moderately large, oval 4:3 E-W, broad but only weak concentration. Located 3.5' NNW of a mag 10 star. N2258 lies 15' NNE. ************************************************************ NGC 2257 = ESO 087-SC24 = S-L 895 06 30 12.4 -64 19 40 V = 13.5; Size 2.2 13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): fairly faint, fairly large, round, 1.5'-2' diameter, broad weak concentration, no resolution. An elongated group of a half dozen mag 10-11 stars oriented NW-SE passes just N of the cluster. This is one of the oldest LMC globular located at the north-east periphery of the cloud, and is comparable in age to galactic globulars, ~10 billion years old. ************************************************************ NGC 2258 = UGC 03523 = MCG +12-07-016 = CGCG 330-115 = PGC 19622 06 47 46.1 +74 28 54 V = 11.9; Size 2.3x1.5; SB = 13.1; PA = 150d 17.5": moderately bright, small, round, small bright core, stellar nucleus. A mag 11 star is just 0.8' NE of center and a mag 12 star is 1.2' SSE. N2256 lies 15' SSW. ************************************************************ NGC 2259 = Cr 108 = Mel 48 06 38 33.3 +10 52 57 Size 5 17.5": fairly faint, small, 3'-4' diameter, rich, irregularly round. Consists of about 15 faint stars mag 13.5-14.5 sparkling over a layer of background haze. A double star mag 12/13 at 7" separation is at the N edge. Mag 8.7 SAO 95930 is 5' W and is surrounded by a less compressed group of 15-20 stars mag 12/13 in a 6' triangular shape. This mag 8.7 star has two faint companions on the S side and another close faint double star is 3' NE. ************************************************************ NGC 2261 = Hubble's Variable Nebula = LBN 920 = Ced 83 = R Mon = HH 39 = PP 64 06 39 10 +08 44.7 Size 2x1 13.1" (1/28/84): Hubble's Variable Nebula is bright, small, fan-shaped 2:1 N-S and widest at the north boundary. The nebulosity tapers down towards 12th magnitude R Monocerotis at the south tip which appears to have a very small high surface brightness halo. The western edge (oriented NW-SE) is slightly weaker and more curved than the eastern edge which is sharper and straighter N-S. This is an impressive nebula with high surface brightness and interesting structure. 8": comet-like nebula extends from R Mon. ************************************************************ NGC 2262 = Cr 109 = OCL-531 = Lund 242 06 39 38.7 +01 08 30 Size 4 13.1": about 10 very faint stars in cluster over unresolved background glow. Incorrect position given in modern catalogues. Discovered by WH (VII 37) and described as "A Cl of v. com eSst c rich. 3 or 4' dia., most com. M." Reobserved by JH (h400) who gave the description "A great many sc st; and a strong suspicion of a more comp part (thick haze)". His position is an excellent match with a small group of stars at 06 39 39 +01 08.5 (J2000) and his position was used in GC and NGC. But the position given in Sky Catalogue 2000, Lynga, N2000, RNGC and SIMBAD is incorrectly given as 06 38.4 +01 11 (2000). Brent Archinal notes (e-mail from 3/11/98) the error originated with Collinder (1931) and copied into the modern catalogues. ************************************************************ NGC 2263 = ESO 490-019 = MCG -04-16-014 = PGC 19355 06 38 28.9 -24 50 55 V = 12.1; Size 2.6x1.5; SB = 13.4; PA = 143d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, oval NW-SE, even surface brightness. Situated between two mag 13.5 stars 1' N and 1' S with a similar star 1.7' ENE. Located 4.2' N of mag 8.5 SAO 172076 and 7.2' NNW of mag 9.0 SAO 172078" (nearly collinear with the galaxy). ************************************************************ NGC 2264 = Christmas Tree cluster = Cone Nebula = Ced 84b = Sh 2-273 = LBN 911 = Cr 112 06 40 58 +09 53.7 V = 3.9; Size 60x30 17.5" (12/28/00): besides the bright nebulosity extending SW of mag 4.7 S Monocerotis (15), most of the central region of the cluster was set against a weakly glowing background (part of Sh 2-273). At the southern end of the cluster (tip of the "Christmas Tree"), this low surface brightness glow was more evident and clearly extended beyond the tip towards the SE. The west edge of this weak emission glow forms the eastern border of the Cone Nebula (LDN 1613). There is a lack of faint stars within the region of the Cone's dark lane but the lane itself was not noticeably darker than the background sky further west. 17.5" (12/30/99): nebulosity was quite prominent to the SW of S Mon as well as a weaker glow in the vicinity around ?954 at the south end of the cluster. At 100x (unfiltered) there appeared to be a slightly darker vacuity to the south of this star in the position of the Cone nebula but there is no sharp "edge" with the nearby nebulosity. 13" (11/5/83): very bright, very large scattered group, elongated N-S, striking Christmas tree shape. A bright multiple star 15 Monocerotis = S Mon (4.7-7.5 at 2.8" and companions) is at the base of the tree at the north end of the cluster and is surrounded by several stars. Easy nebulosity is visible which extends 10' SW of S Mon and includes a group of three brighter stars. The double star ?954 = 7.1/9.6 at 13" is at the south end of the cluster. The Cone nebula extends south of ?954 and "points" towards ?954 (not seen). 8": bright, very large, scattered, Christmas tree outline, fairly rich, includes multiple star S Mon. Naked-eye (1/8/00): appears as a 4th magnitude nebulous glow including the mag 5 star (S Mon), but appears much smaller than the listed dimensions. ************************************************************ NGC 2265 06 41 42 +11 54.3 17.5" (2/1/03): this is a milky way cloud of ~50 faint stars mag 12-14. There is central "hole" lacking any stars, and there are no rich subgroups. Does not look to be a reasonable cluster and candidate and in fact, doesn't stand out in the field at 100x. There does seem to be some unresolved background or milky way glow. Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2266 = Cr 113 = Mel 50 = OCL-471 06 43 20 +26 58.2 Size 7 13.1": three dozen stars mag 9-15 in a 4' diameter. Most members are very faint, appears quite rich with averted, over unresolved background haze. The brightest star mag 8.6 SAO 78670 is at the SW edge of cluster and a string of five brighter stars mag 10-12 trail to the WNW. An isolated mag 10 star is off the NW corner. ************************************************************ NGC 2267 = ESO 426-029 = MCG -05-16-015 = PGC 19417 06 40 51.8 -32 28 57 V = 12.2; Size 1.7x1.3; SB = 12.9; PA = 36d 17.5": fairly faint, very small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, bright core. Two nearby stars confuse the observation: a mag 13 star just 36" W of center (at the NW edge) and a mag 14 star 0.9' SW of center. ************************************************************ NGC 2268 = UGC 03653 = MCG +14-04-022 = CGCG 362-036 = CGCG 363-020 = PGC 20458 07 14 17.6 +84 22 57 V = 11.5; Size 3.2x2.0; SB = 13.4; PA = 63d 17.5" (8/27/87): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated SW-NE, bright core, faint stellar nucleus. A mag 14 star is at the SW edge 1.1' from center. 17.5" (2/22/87): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, faint halo gradually increases to a large brighter core, small bright nucleus, faint stellar nucleus. Borrelly's micrometric position in AN 1885 matches U03653 = M+14-04-022 = Z362- 036. Incorrect RA in the RNGC is 8.0 tmin too far E. At this declination, this amounts to only 12'. ************************************************************ NGC 2269 = Cr 114 = OCL-524 = Lund 252 06 43 16.8 +04 37 04 V = 10.0; Size 4 17.5": two dozen stars mag 11.5-15 in a 4' diameter. The main portion is a rich, thin 3' string oriented NW-SE with about 15 stars including a mag 11.5 and 12 star over unresolved haze. The scattered outliers to 4' radius increase the total to two dozen stars. ************************************************************ NGC 2270 06 43 58 +03 27.2 17.5" (2/1/03): this is a large, scattered field, ~10' diameter surrounding a kite-shaped asterism of mag 8.5-10 stars. There is no concentration but there are a couple of denser clumps of faint stars on the E side. A curving string of stars heads NE and ends at a group of stars surrounding mag 7.6 SAO 114355. Located 30' S of a mag 5.9 star. Does not appear to be a cluster but just a milky way field. Listed as a nonexistent cluster in the RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2271 = ESO 490-034 = MCG -04-16-017 = PGC 19476 06 42 52.9 -23 28 33 V = 12.2; Size 2.1x1.4; SB = 13.2; PA = 71d 17.5": fairly faint, small, oval E-W, weak concentration. There is a string of five stars mag 9-11 on line to N including mag 9.4 SAO 172213 5' NNE and mag 8.7 SAO 12200 9' NW. ************************************************************ NGC 2272 = ESO 490-033 = MCG -05-16-017 = PGC 19466 06 42 41.3 -27 27 34 V = 11.7; Size 2.5x1.6; SB = 13.1; PA = 123d 13.1": fairly faint, small, round, small faint core. N2280 lies 30' ESE. ************************************************************ NGC 2273 = UGC 03546 = MCG +10-10-015 = CGCG 285-006 = Mrk 620 = PGC 19688 06 50 08.6 +60 50 45 V = 11.7; Size 3.2x2.5; SB = 13.8; PA = 50d 17.5": fairly bright, moderately large, oval SW-NE, very bright core, stellar nucleus. Located 5.2' SSW of mag 8.5 SAO 13976 and 6.7' WSW of mag 8.3 SAO 13979. N2273B lies 40' SW. ************************************************************ NGC 2273B = UGC 03530 = MCG +10-10-013 = CGCG 285-005 = PGC 19579 06 46 31.5 +60 20 25 V = 12.5; Size 2.7x1.5; SB = 13.9; PA = 55d 17.5": very faint, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, low even surface brightness. Very unusual appearance as a mag 10 star is attached at the SW end 54" from the center! N2273 lies 40' NE. ************************************************************ NGC 2274 = UGC 03541 = MCG +06-15-008 = CGCG 175-015 = PGC 19603 06 47 17.3 +33 34 02 V = 12.1; Size 1.7x1.7; SB = 13.2; PA = 169d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, round, small bright core. Forms the brighter of a pair with N2275 2' N. ************************************************************ NGC 2275 = UGC 03542 = MCG +06-15-007 = CGCG 175-016 = PGC 19605 06 47 17.9 +33 35 57 V = 13.1; Size 1.3x1.0; SB = 13.2; PA = 20d 17.5": faint, small, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, even surface brightness. Forms the fainter of a pair with N2274 2' S. ************************************************************ NGC 2276 = UGC 03740 = MCG +14-04-028 = CGCG 362-042 = CGCG 363-027 = Arp 25 = VII Zw 134 = LGG 145-008 = PGC 21039 07 27 14.4 +85 45 16 V = 11.4; Size 2.8x2.7; SB = 13.5; PA = 20d 18" (3/13/04): fairly faint, large, slightly elongated,~2.0'x1.6', low surface brightness. The halo fades gradually into the background, particularly on the E side, so difficult to determine a definite edge. Located 2.2' E of mag 8.4 SAO 1148 which detracts from viewing. Forms a trio with N2300 and IC 455. 13.1" (1/18/85): diffuse, slightly elongated. Located 2.2' ENE of mag 8.4 SAO 1148 which interferes with viewing. Three mag 11 stars also in line with the 8.4 star to the south including a mag 11.5 star just 1.4' SW. Forms a pair with N2300 6.4' ESE. 8" (1/1/84): faint, moderately large, low surface brightness, slightly elongated. A mag 9 star is near. ************************************************************ NGC 2280 = ESO 427-002 = MCG -05-16-020 = UGCA 131 = PGC 19531 06 44 48.9 -27 38 20 V = 10.3; Size 6.3x3.1; SB = 13.4; PA = 163d 13.1": fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, bright core. Located 3.9' SE of a mag 10 star. Almost collinear with a second mag 10 star 5.4' NW. N2272 lies 30' WNW. ************************************************************ NGC 2281 = Cr 116 = Mel 51 = OCL-446 06 48 18 +41 04.7 V = 5.4; Size 15 18" (3/13/04): ~75 stars in a 30' region to the south of mag 7.3 HD 49009. A number of stars are arranged in a looping chain. There is a neat kite-shaped group of 6 stars (including two pairs at 10" and 15") in the middle of the chain with a faint star in the center. Scattered stars extend to the south, beyond the kite. The group is fairly bright and distinctive and includes a number of mag 9-10 stars, although there are no dense subgroups. 13.1": ~40 stars mag 7-13 in cluster, bright, loose. Five double stars are visible including a mag 9.5-11.0 pair at 11" and a mag 11.0-11.5 pair at 15". The NGC, Lynga and RNGC position is 1.0 tmin following the center of the cluster (defined by Skiff as the center of the bright trapezium) ************************************************************ NGC 2282 = vdB 85 = OCL 535.1 = C0644+013 = Ced 87 = IC 2172 06 46 51 +01 18.9 Size 3x3 13.1": very faint reflection nebula with a mag 10 star involved, fairly small, round. Discovered by Barnard (AN 2756) on 3 Mar1886. His position matches the central star HD 289120. The IC position for IC 2172 is almost identical to N2282, so they would appear to be the same object. So, why did Dreyer include the IC entry? Skiff discovered the equivalence with vdB 85. This RN is involved with a sparse open cluster OCL 535.1 = C0644+013 also listed in Lynga 5 as vdB 85, although Barnard made no reference to an associated cluster. ************************************************************ NGC 2283 = ESO 557-013 = MCG -03-18-002 = Ced 86 = PGC 19562 06 45 52.7 -18 12 37 V = 12.2; Size 3.6x2.8; SB = 14.6; PA = 2d 13.1" (11/5/83): very faint, small, diffuse, even surface brightness. Three faint stars are involved including two mag 13 stars at the NE edge and the N edge. Located in a rich star field 90' S of Sirius and just 9? from the galactic equator! ************************************************************ NGC 2286 = Cr 117 = OCL-548 = Lund 257 06 47 40 -03 08.9 V = 7.5; Size 15 17.5" (12/20/95): at 100x, ~40 stars within an arbitrary 10' region, elongated N-S. This is a fairly rich group of mostly mag 12 and 13 stars bordered by brighter stars grouped in pairs and trios. There is some concentration with a richer 4' core. A wide pair of mag 9 stars is off the SE side. 17.5" (2/1/92): ~60 stars mag 11-14 in the central 10' diameter. Bright, large, fairly rich though not dense. Richest in a lane running NNW-SSE over haze although the brightest mag 10 stars are outliers to the W, N and SE. There is also a bright lane 15' length oriented N-S located to the E of the main group which includes several wide double stars. ************************************************************ NGC 2287 = M41 = E557-SC14 = Cr 118 06 46 00 -20 45.3 V = 4.5; Size 38 8": ~60 stars mag 7-11.5, very bright, very large, very rich, includes 10 bright stars mag 7 and 8, many stars in curving rows and groups, includes several double stars. Located about 20' NW of mag 6.0 12 Canis Majoris. Naked-eye object in dark sky. Discovered by Flamsteed, 1702 or possibly earlier by Hodierna in 1654. Incorrect RA (1 tmin too large) in NGC, RNGC, NGC 2000. Misidentified as M14 in NGC (corrected in IC 1 notes). ************************************************************ NGC 2288 = MCG +06-15-011 = CGCG 175-017 = PGC 19714 06 50 52.0 +33 27 45 V = 14.4; Size 0.2x0.2; SB = 10.3 17.5": very faint, extremely small, elongated WNW-ESE. First of five in a group and forms a close trio with N2289 1.1' NNE and N2290 1.8' SSE. Discovered by Lord Rosse. The NGC position is 9 tsec W and 4' S of M+06-15-011 = Z175-017. The identifications of N2288 and N2289 are reversed in RNGC. This galaxy is not identified as N2288 in MCG (+06-15-011). See RNGC Corrections #1 and WSQJ 1/84, Thomson. ************************************************************ NGC 2289 = UGC 03560 = MCG +06-15-010 = CGCG 175-018 = NPM1G +33.0089 = PGC 19716 06 50 53.6 +33 28 43 V = 13.2; Size 1.1x0.7; SB = 12.7; PA = 125d 17.5": faint, fairly small, diffuse, slightly elongated, almost even surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is just 0.7' N. Second of five in the N2289/N2290 group with N2288 1.1' SSW and N2290 2.6' SSE. 13": faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE. Forms a pair with N2290 2.6' SSE. Discovered by WH (III 897) along with III 898. His description reads "two nebulae. The most n and p; eF and S. The other eF, vS, dist. 4'." Assuming H observed the brightest two gx's with this orientation, then III 897 = N2289 and III 898 = N2290. These 2 gx's were also observed by JH (same orientation and 3 or 4' apart). In the NGC Dreyer incorrectly assigned III 898 = N2289 and III 897 = N2290 or N2291. The identifications of N2288 and N2289 are reversed in the RNGC. In the MCG, N2289 = M+06-15-010 is also misidentified as N2288 and N2289 = M+06-15-011 is listed as an anonymous galaxy. See RNGC Corrections #1 and WSQJ 1/84, Thomson. ************************************************************ NGC 2290 = UGC 03562 = MCG +06-15-012 = CGCG 175-019 = PGC 19718 06 50 56.9 +33 26 15 V = 13.2; Size 1.3x0.7; SB = 13.0; PA = 50d 17.5": third of five and brightest in the N2289/N2290 group. Fairly faint, fairly small, oval SW-NE, bright core. N2289 lies 2.6' NNW and N2288 1.8' NNW. 13": faint, small, elongated SW-NE, similar to N2289 2.6' NNW. ************************************************************ NGC 2291 = MCG +06-15-013 = CGCG 175-020 = NPM1G +33.0090 = PGC 19719 06 50 58.6 +33 31 30 V = 13.2; Size 1.0x1.0; SB = 13.1 17.5": very faint, small, slightly elongated, even surface brightness. Fourth of five in a group. On a line with N2288 4.0' SSW and N2289 3.0' SSW. N2294 lies 2.6' ENE. ************************************************************ NGC 2292 = ESO 490-048 = MCG -04-16-022 = VV 178b = PGC 19617 06 47 40 -26 44.8 V = 10.8; Size 4.1x3.6; SB = 13.6; PA = 1d 17.5": very faint, very small, round, low even surface brightness. Forms a close pair with N2293 1' SE and a trio N2295 just 4' W. ************************************************************ NGC 2293 = ESO 490-049 = MCG -04-16-023 = VV 178a = PGC 19619 06 47 43 -26 45.2 V = 11.2; Size 4.2x3.3; SB = 13.9; PA = 125d 17.5": fairly faint, small, round, very bright core, stellar nucleus. In a tight group with N2292 1' WNW (double system in a common halo) and N2295 4' W. ************************************************************ NGC 2294 = MCG +06-15-014 = CGCG 175-021 = PGC 19729 06 51 11.3 +33 31 38 V = 13.8; Size 1.7x0.6; SB = 13.8 17.5": fairly faint, small, oval ~N-S. Follows four stars on a line. Last of five in the N2289/N2290 group with N2291 2.6' W. 13": very faint, extremely small, almost round, no details. ************************************************************ NGC 2295 = ESO 490-047 = MCG -04-16-021 = VV 178 = PGC 19607 06 47 23.5 -26 44 09 V = 12.7; Size 2.1x0.6; SB = 12.8; PA = 46d 17.5": faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, even surface brightness. Located between two mag 13 stars 30" SSW of center and 20" NNE or center. A similar star is also 1.5' N. First of three with the N2292/2293 duo 4' E. ************************************************************ NGC 2296 = MCG -03-18-003 = IC 452 = PGC 19643 06 48 39.1 -16 54 06 Size 1.9x1.4; PA = 145d 17.5": moderately bright but very small, round, very small bright core. Sirius is 50' WNW and creates a reflection in field! This object is probably a galactic diffuse nebula located within an absorption patch. Swift's RA (VI) is 0.7 tmin E of M-03-18-003. Howe's corrected RA in IC 2 notes is a perfect match. Rediscovered by Bigourdan as IC 452 and listed at the correct place. Listed in ESGC identifications. Not in RC3 or ESGC. Corwin notes that this object is very possibly a galactic nebula and not a galaxy! The MCG also notes that "this is almost a diffused nebulosity, but it is not in any catalogue". Dave Riddle notes: "The odd thing about this galaxy is it's location - it lies on the boundry of Clemens & Barvainis CB 52 , a small molecular cloud with the catalogued dimensions of 6.7' X 3.4' . ************************************************************ NGC 2298 = ESO 366-SC22 06 48 59.2 -36 00 19 V = 9.2; Size 5 13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): at 200x, this is a compact, fairly bright globular. Well-concentrated with a bright 1.5' core and a fainter halo of ~3' diameter. Roughly two dozen stars are resolved including several across the core and a number of stragglers which are easier to resolve in the outer halo. 17.5": moderately large globular with no sharp core. A dozen stars are resolved over the mottled disc. 8": no resolution, fairly small, smooth. ************************************************************ NGC 2299 = N2302?? = OCL-554 = Lund 264 06 51 54 -07 05.0 See observing notes for N2302 Discovered by JH (h412): "A coarse cl, not v rich, 30 or 40 st, probably only an outlying portion of VIII 39 [N2302]". Reinmuth adds "many st, but nothing like a cluster." GSC does not show anything at h's position (NW of N2302) but Corwin suggests that due to JH's imprecise position and the fact that N2302 was not recorded on the sweep, that is possibly N2302 and JH didn't realize it was a duplicate observation. See NGCBGUGS. ************************************************************ NGC 2300 = UGC 03798 = MCG +14-04-031 = CGCG 362-043 = CGCG 363-029 = Arp 114 = LGG 145-003 = PGC 21231 07 32 20.0 +85 42 32 V = 11.0; Size 2.8x2.0; SB = 12.8; PA = 80d 18" (3/13/04): fairly bright, fairly small, irregularly round, 1.2' diameter. Well concentrated with a bright 25" core and a much fainter irregular halo. Forms a trio with N2276 6' W and IC 455 11' SSE. 13.1" (1/18/85): fairly bright, bright core, small fainter halo. Forms a pair with N2276 7' W. IC 455 is 11' SSE. 8" (1/1/84): moderately bright, small, bright core, slightly elongated. ************************************************************ NGC 2301 = Cr 119 = Mel 54 = OCL-540 06 51 45 +00 27.6 V = 6.0; Size 12 17.5": ~60-70 stars in cluster. A bright colored double star (blue/yellow ) is near the center. Many of the stars are arranged in two strings oriented SW-NE which pass through the center. 13": striking, ~60 stars in cluster, dozens more near, very elongated string thru center. ************************************************************ NGC 2302 = OCL-554 = Lund 264 = N2302?? 06 51 54 -07 05.0 V = 8.9; Size 3 17.5" (2/1/03): at 140x, this a fairly small group (~4' diameter) of roughly two dozen stars embedded in a large, scattered field of stars. On the west side is a nice quadruple including three mag 10 stars. On the E side is a double and a triple star forming a "V" asterism. Located 7' SE of mag 6.6 SAO 133781. This star has perhaps a dozen stars within 3' but does not look to be a plausible candidate for N2299 (likely a duplicate of N2302). 17.5": 20 stars resolved at 140X, in fairly small group. Not rich but includes some close doubles. The three brightest mag 10 stars form a shallow arc on the W side with fourth fainter star nearby. On the E side is a V-shaped group of six stars with the vertex at the E side. The central portion includes a few scattered stars with a line of three stars on the S side. ************************************************************ NGC 2303 = UGC 03603 = MCG +08-13-031 = CGCG 234-030 = NPM1G +45.0083 = PGC 19891 06 56 17.5 +45 29 34 V = 12.6; Size 1.5x1.5; SB = 13.5 17.5": fairly faint, very small, round, small bright core, stellar nucleus. ************************************************************ NGC 2304 = Cr 120 = Mel 55 = OCL-484 06 55 12 +17 59.3 Size 5 13.1": ~20 faint stars, unresolved haze, rich, elongated WSW-ENE in a thin wedge. ************************************************************ NGC 2308 = UGC 03618 = MCG +08-13-037 = CGCG 234-037 = NPM1G +45.0086 = PGC 19949 06 58 37.6 +45 12 38 V = 13.2; Size 1.8x1.2; SB = 13.9; PA = 170d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 N-S. Overpowered by 16 Lyncis (V = 4.9 ) located 9' SW in the field. ************************************************************ NGC 2309 = Cr 122 = Mel 56 = OCL-557 06 56 04 -07 10.5 Size 3 17.5": three dozen stars mag 11-15, fairly rich, compact, 4' diameter. Most stars located within two streams. The brighter stars in the southern stream are oriented E-W. A fainter star lane to N is oriented NW-SE. At the NW end it hooks NE to mag 9 SAO 133914 about 4' N of the cluster's center. Includes several close pairs with two pairs near the center and a double star 11/14 at 7" separation at the W end. ************************************************************ NGC 2310 = ESO 309-007 = MCG -07-15-001 = PGC 19811 06 53 54.0 -40 51 45 V = 11.8; Size 4.4x0.8; SB = 13.0; PA = 47d 13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): at 166x appears as a fairly faint, very thin edge- on splinter oriented SW-NE, 1.0'x0.15'. Contains a stellar nuclues. Situated in a fairly rich Puppis starfield. This edge-on galaxy has a "box-peanut" central bulge (similar to N128) which is considered likely to be a thick bar viewed edge-on. ************************************************************ NGC 2311 = Cr 123 = OCL-553 = Lund 276 06 57 48 -04 36.7 Size 7 17.5": three dozen stars mag 11-15 in 5'x2' region elongated ~N-S. Fairly rich though no dense spots. Most stars form a thin isosceles triangle with the vertex star mag 13 at the N end, although the brightest star is a wide double 2' ESE of the vertex. From the base of the triangle a stream heads SE and then E from the cluster mixing with some brighter field stars. The cluster includes a few close faint double stars. ************************************************************ NGC 2312 06 58 48 +10 17.7 17.5" (2/1/03): stands out reasonably well in the field at 140x with ~16 stars, highlighted by a mag 10 star at the S end. The group is ~4'x1.5' in size, elongated N-S and includes a close, faint double on the NE end, which was noticed at 220x. Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2313 = Parsamyan 17 = PP 18 06 58 02.8 -07 56 42 Size 1.6 18" (2/3/04): at 225x this reflection nebula appears as a very faint, very small, low surface brightness glow surrounding a mag 14 illuminating star, ~15"- 20" diameter. Situated within a rich milky way field which has a mottled appearance at low power. Located 20' NE of mag 6.3 HD 51424. Incorrectly listed as nonexistent in the RNGC. Discovered by d'Arrest. Identified as a diffuse nebula in the ESGC identifications list. Listed as nonexistent in RNGC and not catalogued in N2000. Discussed by Ronald Stoyan in Deep Sky Observer #12 (only a very faint glow around mag 14 central star seen). Dave Riddle: I saw a small fan shaped nebula with an intricately detailed 'tail' with a 18" reflector belonging to Art Russell a few winters ago. Oddly, follow up observations made with my 18" reflector at this year's WSP and my observing spot in northern Florida would only reveal a small amorphous roundish glow. Is it a 'variable' nebula like Gyul'budagyan's nebula in Cepheus? ************************************************************ NGC 2314 = UGC 03677 = MCG +13-06-003 = CGCG 348-032 = PGC 20305 07 10 32.6 +75 19 37 V = 12.2; Size 1.7x1.4; SB = 13.2; PA = 25d 17.5" (8/27/87): moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, bright core, stellar nucleus. 17.5" (2/27/87): moderately bright, fairly small, round, small bright core, stellar nucleus. 25' to the W is a nice double ?973 = 7.1/8.1 at 12". Forms a pair with IC 2174 6' WNW. ************************************************************ NGC 2315 = UGC 03633 = MCG +08-13-045 = CGCG 234-041 = PGC 20045 07 02 33.0 +50 35 27 V = 13.6; Size 1.3x0.4; SB = 12.6; PA = 116d 17.5": faint, small, edge-on WNW-ESE, bright core. Located 4' S of mag 8.4 SAO 26113. ************************************************************ NGC 2316 = Parsamyan 18 = PP 68 06 59 40.8 -07 46 40 Size 4x3 13.1": moderately bright nebulosity, small, possibly surrounds two stars. Located just 1' S is an obtuse triangle of mag 12 stars. Enhanced with Deep Sky filter. ************************************************************ NGC 2317 06 59 41.5 -07 46 29 13.1": part of N2316. See N2316 for description. Identified as part of N2316 in ESGC identification paper. RNGC lists this object as nonexistent. The RA is 1.0 tmin too small in the NGC (misprint) although Rosse's description says "makes a close D neb with N2316". ************************************************************ NGC 2318 06 59 27 -13 41.9 17.5" (2/1/03): this is just a weak enhancement of mag 11-13 stars in a milky way field, perhaps only noticed by Herschel because of the mag 8.2 SAO 152208 on the NW side (which he used as a position). Seems roughly 10' in size and circular, although there are no real borders. Does not stand out in the field, even at 64x with a 31 Nagler, although the background milky way glow does seem a bit enhanced over the surrounding field. Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC. Discovered by WH (VII 14): "A Cl of co sc st 20' d.". Observed by JH at Slough and Cape (h422 = h3070): "A large region full of scattered stars forming a cluster of which the chief *8 taken. It seems, however to be only a clustering part of the milky way which here comes on rather suddenly." His Cape position corresponds with mag 8.6 SAO 152208 at 06 59 28.4 -13 41 49 (J2000). Listed as nonexistent in RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2319 07 01 06.5 +03 03 11 17.5" (2/1/03): very nice 15' string of a couple dozen stars heading west of a mag 8.9 SAO 114784 on the E end, which is a close unequal double. The tail of stars is slightly concave to the S and is marked by a mag 10.5 star at the W end. Although the star chain is quite noticeable, it could well be an asterism as there are other similar strings of stars in the same or adjacent fields. Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2320 = UGC 03659 = MCG +08-13-051 = CGCG 234-047 = PGC 20136 07 05 42.0 +50 34 51 V = 11.9; Size 1.4x0.8; SB = 12.1; PA = 140d 17.5": fairly faint, small, spindle NW-SE, weak concentration. Located 1.7' WSW of mag 9.0 SAO 26147. Brightest of three with N2322 5' SE and N2321 11' NNE. ************************************************************ NGC 2321 = UGC 03663 = MCG +08-13-053 = CGCG 234-051 = NPM1G +50.0072 = PGC 20141 07 05 59.0 +50 45 22 V = 13.6; Size 1.4x1.1; SB = 13.9; PA = 135d 17.5": very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, low even surface brightness. N2320 lies 11' SSW. ************************************************************ NGC 2322 = UGC 03662 = MCG +08-13-054 = CGCG 234-050 = PGC 20142 07 06 00.3 +50 30 37 V = 13.8; Size 1.1x0.4; SB = 12.8; PA = 136d 17.5": faint, small, elongated NW-SE, even surface brightness. Forms a pair with N2320 5' NW. ************************************************************ NGC 2323 = M50 = Cr 124 07 02 48 -08 22.6 V = 5.9; Size 16 13.1": ~75 stars including some brighter stars at the S and NE borders. There are a few dense spots and many stragglers. A red mag 8 star is at the S edge and a nice mag 9/11 double is 1' NW. There is an elongated region void of stars just N of the mag 8 star. ************************************************************ NGC 2324 = Cr 125 = Mel 59 = OCL-542 07 04 08 +01 02.7 V = 8.4; Size 8 17.5": 65 stars mag 10-14 in very irregular 8' diameter. Includes two mag 10 stars at the NE corner and NW side. Includes several mag 12 stars but rich in mag 13-14 stars. Somewhat uneven distribution of very faint stars due to a couple of 2' diameter dark voids; one near the center. The cluster includes several very close, faint double stars. 8": rich in faint stars 12-13, includes two mag 9 stars. ************************************************************ NGC 2325 = ESO 427-028 = MCG -05-17-005 = PGC 20047 07 02 40.3 -28 41 50 V = 11.4; Size 3.3x1.9; SB = 13.4; PA = 6d 13.1": fairly faint, fairly small, elongated N-S. A mag 12 star is off the SE edge 1.6' from center. Located in a rich star field. ************************************************************ NGC 2326 = UGC 03681 = MCG +08-13-062 = CGCG 234-060 = PGC 20218 07 08 11.0 +50 40 55 V = 13.1; Size 1.9x1.8; SB = 14.3 17.5": faint, fairly small, irregularly round, bright core. Four mag 12-12.5 stars in group lie 3' W. Forms a pair with N2326A 5' SE. Poor position given in the RNGC. Discovered by WH (II 734). The NGC position from JH's observation (h426) is 9 tsec E of U03681 = M+08-13-062 = Z234-060. This galaxy is located at 07 04 18.9 +50 45 40 (1950). The RNGC has a poor position and places it 0.3 tmin further E and 3' N. So, the RNGC position should be changed to 07 06 15 +50 43.3 (1975). N2326A, located just 4.8' SE, is correctly placed in RNGC. Listed in RNGC Corrections #5. ************************************************************ NGC 2326A = UGC 03687 = MCG +08-13-067 = CGCG 234-066 = PGC 20237 07 08 34.3 +50 37 52 V = 14.8; Size 1.0x0.6; SB = 14.1; PA = 15d 17.5": extremely faint, small, low surface brightness. On a line with two mag 12 and 13.5 star to the S. Located 5' SE of N2326. ************************************************************ NGC 2327 = Ced 89c = PP 72 07 04 07.2 -11 18 51 17.5" (3/8/02): small but high surface brightness reflection nebula surrounding an unequal pair of mag 9.5/12.5 stars at 7" separation. At 280x, the nebulosity is round and approximately 50" in size although it fades smoothly into the background and may be a bit larger. This small knot of nebulosity is at the western end of a striking arc of 6 stars which trail off to the NE. The next star in the arc, 1.5' E, also seems to be encased in a very small halo. A similar mag 9.5 comparison star (with no halo) lies 4' ESE and several other mag 9.5-10.5 stars are scattered across the field. The background sky in this vicinity is weakly luminous, as N2327 is situated midway along the western side of IC 2177, a huge IC strip of nebulosity straddling Canis Major and Monoceros. This object did not respond to OIII, UHC or H-beta filters so appears to be dominantly a reflection nebula. This bright nebula was discovered by William Herschel (IV 25) in 1785 and reobserved by his son, John. Although their positions and descriptions match this object there is a great deal of confusion in the literature as to its identification and position and some sources misidentify N2327 with much larger Sh 2-292 = Gum 1 located 50' to the N (also associated with IC 2177). 13" (12/24/84): fairly faint reflection nebula, fairly small, surrounds a mag 8 star (close unequal double). Located along the faint, extremely large, curving strip of nebulosity = IC 2177. Discovered by WH (IV 25) in 1785. Howe notes that the central star is double with separation 7". Measured by Engelhardt. There is much confusion in the literature as to the identification and position of this object although John Herschel's position and description fits this small reflection nebula. SIMBAD has a position and identification well to the east of IC 2177! ************************************************************ NGC 2329 = UGC 03695 = MCG +08-13-073 = CGCG 234-070 = PGC 20254 07 09 08.0 +48 36 55 V = 12.5; Size 1.3x1.1; SB = 12.7; PA = 175d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, bright core. A mag 15 star is 0.7' W of center. Three mag 14 stars lie 1.7' W, 1.3' NE and 2.0' NE. Forms a pair with U03696 3' ENE. Brightest member of the Abell 569 cluster. ************************************************************ NGC 2330 = MCG +08-13-078 = CGCG 234-074 = NPM1G +50.0075 = IC 457 = PGC 20272 07 09 28.4 +50 09 08 V = 14.7; Size 0.4x0.3; SB = 12.2 17.5": extremely faint and small, round. A mag 15 star is 1' NE. Located 2' SW of N2332. Identifications reversed with N2332 in the RNGC and identified as IC 457 in the CGCG/RC3. In the three Lord Rosse observations of the N2332/N2340 field a total of 9 objects were found and sketched. For some reason the only additional object that Dreyer decided to include in the NGC was N2330. Swift and Kobold later surveyed the field, and Dreyer included accurate positions for all of Rosse's objects shown on the sketches in the IC. Since Rosse did not provide positions, Dreyer probably had to rely on Rosse's sketch which incorrectly placed N2330 north of N2332 instead of southwest and Bigourdan's positions which unfortunately referred to single stars. N2330 is incorrectly placed 2.4' N of the larger and brighter N2332. N2330 was then properly sketched at a later observation and recatalogued by Dreyer as IC 457. Therefore, it is fairly certain that N2330 is identical to IC457. The 1950 positions for these galaxies are: N2330 = IC 457 = M+08-13-078 = CGCG 234-074 07 05 37.9 +50 13 59 N2332 = U03699 = M+08-13-079 = CGCG 234-075 07 05 43.7 +50 15 46 The identifications and positions given in the RNGC are (R)N2330 07 05.7 +50 16 E, R, BM, DKLNSUSP (R)N2332 07 05.7 +50 15 E, R, BM, ALMSTEL Based on the RNGC declinations it is clear the RNGC has reversed the identifications of N2330 and N2332 making N2330 the brighter northern member of the pair and incorrectly describing N2332 as "almstel" (same error in MCG). So, the data for N2330 and N2332 should be reversed in the RNGC. This galaxy is identified as IC 457 in UGC and CGCG. See RNGC Corrections #5. In the IC 1 notes, Dreyer mentions that Kobold did not find N2330 or N2334 (see AN #3184), in his table on the N2332 group. See NGCBUGS for more on the story! ************************************************************ NGC 2331 = Cr 126 = OCL-475 = Lund 295 07 07 00 +27 15.7 Size 18 17.5": at 82x, very large scattered group of about 40 stars mag 10-14, 15' diameter. There is a small circle of 6 stars at the E end. ************************************************************ NGC 2332 = UGC 03699 = MCG +08-13-079 = CGCG 234-075 = (R)NGC 2330 = PGC 20276 07 09 34.2 +50 10 56 V = 12.8; Size 1.5x1.0; SB = 13.2; PA = 60d 17.5": fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, bright core, stellar nucleus. A mag 15 star is 1' SW. Forms a pair with N2330 = IC 457 2' SW. The identifications of N2330 and N2332 are reversed in the RNGC. N2332 is one of the brighter members of a group of galaxies stretching some 15' E including N2340 and a number of IC entries micrometrically measured by Kobold. WH observed two galaxies in the group (II 862 and II 736) which Dreyer listed as N2332 and N2340 in the NGC. In Scientific Papers of William Herschel, Dreyer notes regarding II 862, "identification difficult, as it is one in a group. It is probably one of Kobold's nebulae in the IC." In any case, JH definitely observed N2332 = h430 and Dreyer used his correct position in the NGC, so the ID is certain. This galaxy (U03699 = M+08-13-079 = Z234-075) is incorrectly identified as N2330 in RNGC and MCG. See notes for N2330. ************************************************************ NGC 2333 = UGC 03689 = MCG +06-16-020 = CGCG 176-018 = PGC 20223 07 08 21.3 +35 10 12 V = 13.3; Size 1.0x0.7; SB = 12.7; PA = 35d 17.5": faint, very small, sharp stellar nucleus surrounded by faint oval halo 3:2 ~N-S. ************************************************************ NGC 2334 = IC 465 = MCG +08-13-098 = CGCG 234-095 = PGC 20357 07 11 33.6 +50 14 53 V = 13.6; Size 0.9x0.7; SB = 12.9 17.5": faint, small, round, bright core. Last of four galaxies in a 20' field and located 5.8' NE of N2340. Identification as N2334 is uncertain. Discovered by Bigourdan and at Birr Castle. Poor position in NGC and Reinmuth states "in Dreyer's place not found, = IC 464? Kobold's position for IC 465 from AN 3184 is an exact match with M+08-13-098 and this galaxy is definitely shown on the Birr Castle sketch of the cluster. The question remains if this is the NGC object. Corwin feels it is probable. Listed as nonexistent in RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2335 = Cr 127 = Mel 60 = OCL-562 07 06 49 -10 01.7 V = 7.2; Size 12 17.5": 50-60 stars mag 10.5-14 in a 10' diameter. Mag 6.9 SAO 134220 is 10' NE of the core. In the center is a 1' parallelogram formed by four mag 10.5-12 stars with parallel sides oriented E-W and NW-SE. There are no dense areas (overall fairly scattered appearance) although includes several subgroups. A wide mag 12 double is on the N side. Located at the N tip of the huge emission nebula IC 2177. ************************************************************ NGC 2336 = UGC 03809 = MCG +13-06-006 = CGCG 348-034 = CGCG 349-004 = PGC 21033 07 27 03.8 +80 10 43 V = 10.4; Size 7.1x3.9; SB = 13.9; PA = 178d 17.5" (8/27/87): fairly bright, fairly large, bright core, faint halo elongated N-S. A mag 15 star is superimposed just E of the core. Located 3.6' SSE of a mag 10 star. IC 467 lies 20' SSE. A mag 14.7 supernova discovered in 1987 by Dana Patchick was observed. 17.5" (2/22/87): fairly bright, small bright core surrounded by a large, diffuse halo elongated 2:1 N-S. Located 26' S of a mag 7.3 star. ************************************************************ NGC 2337 = UGC 03711 = MCG +07-15-010 = CGCG 205-023 = PGC 20298 07 10 13.6 +44 27 26 V = 12.5; Size 2.2x1.7; SB = 13.7; PA = 120d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 WNW-ENE, even surface brightness. Bracketed by a mag 14 star 1.1' SW and a mag 13.5 star 1.3' ENE. ************************************************************ NGC 2338 07 07 47 -05 43.2 17.5" (2/3/03): roughly 3 dozen stars in an elongated N-S group, ~8'x3'. Includes a few mag 11 stars, with the rest of stars mag 12-14. Just stands out at 100x as a weak field enhancement and detached enough in the field that a definite border can be traced out. Still this is probably just an unrelated group of stars and N2338 is listed as nonexistent in the RNGC. Discovered by JH (h435): "Very loose and straggling cluster." His position is given as uncertain. Reinmuth adds "many st, but nothing like a Cl." There is no grouping at all at h's position and Corwin suggest that N2338 is a group of stars ~50 tsec of RA E of the NGC position (and 5' S). Listed as nonexistent in RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2339 = UGC 03693 = MCG +03-19-002 = CGCG 085-040 = CGCG 086-005 = PGC 20222 07 08 20.5 +18 46 49 V = 11.8; Size 2.7x2.0; SB = 13.5; PA = 175d 13.1": fairly faint, nearly round, very weak concentration, low surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is superimposed at the E edge 30" from center. ************************************************************ NGC 2340 = UGC 03720 = MCG +08-13-096 = CGCG 234-091 = PGC 20338 07 11 10.8 +50 10 28 V = 11.7; Size 1.8x1.2; SB = 12.6; PA = 80d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, elongated E-W, bright core. Brightest of four in the field with IC 458, IC 464 and IC 465. Two mag 12 star lie 1.7' NW and 2.4' WNW of center. ************************************************************ NGC 2341 = UGC 03708 = MCG +03-19-003 = CGCG 086-006 = PGC 20259 07 09 12.1 +20 36 10 V = 13.2; Size 0.8x0.8; SB = 12.6 17.5": faint, very small, slightly elongated E-W. A mag 13.5 star is 0.7' N. Forms a pair with N2342 2.5' NNE. ************************************************************ NGC 2342 = UGC 03709 = MCG +03-19-004 = CGCG 086-007 = PGC 20265 07 09 18.1 +20 38 11 V = 12.6; Size 1.4x1.3; SB = 13.0; PA = 126d 17.5": moderately bright, moderately large, irregularly round, slightly elongated SW-NE, slightly brighter along major axis but no core. Forms a pair with N2341 2.5' WSW. ************************************************************ NGC 2343 = Cr 128 = OCL-565 07 08 07 -10 37.0 V = 6.7; Size 7 17.5": two dozen stars mag 8-13 in compact 5' diameter. The cluster has a distinctive boxy shape but is not rich. Includes an unequal double star ?1028 = 8.8/11.1 at 11" at the E side. Stars are arranged in small subgroups with no central concentration, well detached in field. Located off the NE end of the huge, strip of nebulosity IC 2177. ************************************************************ NGC 2344 = UGC 03734 = MCG +08-13-103 = CGCG 234-100 = NPM1G +47.0086 = PGC 20395 07 12 28.7 +47 10 00 V = 12.0; Size 1.7x1.7; SB = 13.0 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, round, broad mild concentration, faint stellar nucleus, edges fade smoothly into background. ************************************************************ NGC 2345 = Cr 129 = Mel 61 = OCL-575 07 08 19 -13 11.6 V = 7.7; Size 12 17.5": 50 stars mag 9-14 in 10'x8' region elongated SW-NE. Fairly rich in faint stars. Includes the pretty double h3930 = 9.7/10.6 at 15" on the N side. Near the center is a small clump of about 8 stars including an unequal triple star. Located midway between mag 8 SAO 152444 6' NNE and a mag 9.5 star 6' S. ************************************************************ NGC 2346 = PK 215+3.1 = PN G215.6+03.6 07 09 22.5 -00 48 23 V = 11.9; Size 60"x50" 17.5" (2/2/02): easily picked up at 100x as a fairly small, round halo surrounding a bright mag 11.5 star. Nice view at 280x and 380x. The halo is irregularly round, ~50"x45" with a slightly uneven surface brightness and appears a bit thinner or pinched on the NW side. Modest contrast gain with UHC filter at 100x-280x, although does not require a filter. 13" (1/11/86): bright mag 11.5 central star surrounded by fairly small, round disc. Located between two mag 13 stars 0.8' E and 1.2' W. View enhanced with Daystar 300 filter. Central star is the variable V651 Mon (mag 11.3-13.5). ************************************************************ NGC 2347 = UGC 03759 = MCG +11-09-039 = CGCG 309-026 = IC 2179? = PGC 20539 07 16 04.0 +64 42 41 V = 12.5; Size 1.8x1.3; SB = 13.2; PA = 175d 13.1": fairly faint, fairly small, bright core, slightly elongated N-S, diffuse. Located 4' S of mag 7.3 SAO 14129. A mag 10 star lies 5.2' NE. Forms a wide pair with U03750 13' N. Discovered by WH (III 746). His original discovery position (with respect to his reference star) is 07 16 44 +65 00.7 (2000). In GC, JH modified his father's position to 07 16 19 +64 48.2 (2000) although he did not reobserve this gx. This latter position is 16 tsec E and 6' N (or 9' NE) of U03759 = M+11-09- 039. Bigourdan later observed this field in 1894 and 1900. His original position for B267 = IC 2179 in Comptes Rendus is 07 15 33 +64 57 (2000) which is an excellent match for U03750 = M+11-09-038a at GSC position 07 15 32.2 +64 55 34 (2000). CGCG, UGC, MOL, DSFG, RC3, PGC and U2000 all identify this galaxy as IC 2179. His listing in the complete Observations, etc. for B267 gives a position of 07 16 06.2 +64 43 01 (2000), which matches U03759, the galaxy identified as N2347 in modern catalogues and his listing for N2347 matches U03750 (Corwin notes an error in his identification of the reference star). So, apparently Bigourdan has reversed the identifications here. Based on his original position it is possible that WH's original observation refers to U03750 instead (as Bigourdan claimed). See NGC/IC Bugs and IC identification from Thomson for complete discussion. ************************************************************ NGC 2349 07 10 48 -08 36 17.5" (2/3/03): group of ~30 stars, elongated SW-NE, ~8'x3'. Stands out reasonably well in the field an over background haze but is probably just an asterism. Most stars are 12-14th magnitude. This group is ~11' following John Herschel's position on a mag 10/11.5 double at 30", but the star density is richer on this group. Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2350 = UGC 03747 = MCG +02-19-001 = CGCG 057-005 = PGC 20416 07 13 12.2 +12 15 58 V = 12.3; Size 1.3x0.7; SB = 12.1; PA = 110d 17.5": faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, bright core. Several mag 14 stars are near including one 1' SE of core. A nice double star (mag 10/10 at 20" separation) lies 10' NNE. ************************************************************ NGC 2352 = ESO 492-**5 07 13 05 -24 02.8 17.5": At 82x there is no obvious cluster at this position, although there are about a dozen mag 12/13 stars in a 7' string ~N-S, roughly centered on a mag 11.5 star at 07 13.1 -24 03. At 220x, several fainter stars are visible increasing the total to ~20 stars and it stands out a little better. The stars in the N-S string are arranged in "seagull wings" concave to the west. Listed as nonexistent in RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2353 = Cr 130 = Mel 62 = OCL-567 07 14 30 -10 16.0 V = 7.1; Size 20 17.5": over 100 stars mag 6-13 in a 20' diameter, requires 100x (20mm Nagler) for best view. Richest around mag 6 SAO 152598 on the S side where 50 stars are in a 8' rectangular outline. A bright double star ?1052 = 9.1/9.3 at 20" is located just 2' NE of the mag 6 star and two mag 9 stars are at the NW and NE corners of this subgroup. Surrounding this group is a dark ring devoid of stars and then beyond is a fairly rich outer annulus including several mag 9-10 stars. ************************************************************ NGC 2354 = Cr 131 = E492-SC006 07 14 15 -25 41.6 V = 6.5; Size 20 17.5": ~100 stars in a 20' diameter, circular outline, fairly uniform in magnitudes. No prominent subgroups or individual stars but fairly detached in field at 100x. Unconcentrated with a 9'x3' void or dark lane in the center elongated N-S. A double star with components 11.5/12.5 at 14" separation is just following the dark lane towards the S end. ************************************************************ NGC 2355 = Cr 133 = Mel 63 = OCL-496 = N2356? 07 16 59 +13 45.0 Size 9 13.1": about 50 stars down to mag 14 in a 8'x5' group elongated N-S including a mag 10 star at the SE edge. Rich, fairly compact, a number of stars are arranged in lanes. Located about 7' SW of mag 8.0 SAO 95722. ************************************************************ NGC 2356 = N2355? = Cr 133 = Mel 63 = OCL-496 07 16 59 +13 45.0 See observing notes for N2355 Discovered by WH (VII 6): "A pretty rich and compressed cluster of stars." Observed once at Birr Castle: "A dozen st scattered loosely over the field." Reinmuth adds "no Cl n of NGC 2355, in 7h 8m.0 +14d 13' (1860) a loose clustering of st 11... in triangle." There is no obvious clustering on the GSC to the N of N2355 but at Reinmuth's position (about 1 tmin preceding the NGC position) is a triangular group which stands out well! Listed as nonexistent in RNGC. As the NGC position for N2356 is just 12' N of N2355 it seems plausible that WH accidently recorded the same object twice. ************************************************************ NGC 2357 = UGC 03782 = MCG +04-17-014 = CGCG 116-046 = FGC 619 = PGC 20592 07 17 40.9 +23 21 23 V = 13.3; Size 3.5x0.5; SB = 13.7; PA = 122d 17.5": faint, large, edge-on 6:1 NW-SE. Appears as a very low surface brightness ghostly streak with no central condensation! A mag 13 star is off the NW end 1.3' from center. ************************************************************ NGC 2359 = Thor's Helmet = LBN 1041 = Sh 2-298 = Gum 4 = RCW 5 07 18 31 -13 13.5 Size 8x6 17.5" (12/28/00): "Thor's Helmet" is a remarkably bright, detailed nebulosity at 100x using an OIII filter. The central region is a 5' bubble (illuminated by a Wolf-Rayet star) with a brighter rim along the west side giving a "C" appearance with irregular knots, filamentary wisps of nebulosity and areas of thinner nebulosity in the interior. A number of fainter stars are superimposed in the central region along with some brighter mag 11 stars on the north portion of the rim. Attached at the south end is a brighter 4' extension elongated towards the west with a mag 9 star at its SE side. This section then thins out into a long 10' streamer which precedes the main section and forms the southern "horn" of the helmet. A second long, thicker streamer is attached at the north end of the central mass and extends out to the NW (this piece is also catalogued as IC 468). A fainter strip of nebulosity also begins on the north end and extends 10' due east while weak nebulosity is also east of the central helmet off the south side. Illuminated by the Wolf-Rayet star HD 56925 = WR 7. 13" (1/28/84): unusual emission nebula, fairly bright, fairly large, about 7'x5'. A thinner section elongated at a right angle (E-W) extends W of a mag 10 star on the S end. A few fainter stars are superimposed on the N side. A very faint section, IC 468, is attached at the NW end extending towards the NW. ************************************************************ NGC 2360 = Cr 134 = Mel 64 = OCL-589 07 17 43 -15 38.5 V = 7.2; Size 13 13.1": includes about 40 fainter stars in an elongated, arrowhead shape with mag 9 SAO 152691 at the E edge. Appears rich with fairly uniform magnitudes. ************************************************************ NGC 2361 = N2359: = Thor's Helmet = LBN 1041 = Sh 2-298 07 18 23.8 -13 12 34 See observing notes for N2359 (this is the elongated knot along the west side). ************************************************************ NGC 2362 = ESO 492-SC9 = Cr 136 07 18 42 -24 57.3 V = 4.1; Size 8 13.1" (1/30/06 - Costa Rica): gorgeous low power field surrounding Tau CMa using the 20 Nagler (75x). Tau was easily resolved into a triple with two mag 10 and 11.2 companions at 8" and 14" to the east. At 170x, 75-80 stars are visible and the cluster appears fully resolved. A string of stars passes to the north of Tau oriented NW to SE. Several faint stars and a detached clump lie to the north of Tau beyond the string. A mag 8.5 star marks the south border of the cluster. 13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): stunning open cluster at 105x surrounding Tau Canis Majoris which is a very close triple star. Perhaps 75 stars are resolved in a well-detached 6' region. 17.5" (3/2/02): at 100x, this is a gorgeous, uniformly rich cluster surrounding Tau CMa, which is offset north of center. A WNW-ESE string of stars north of Tau gives a flattened border and the rich southern portion tapers to the south giving a triangular appearance. At 220x, ~60 stars are visible in a 6' diameter, many of 10.5-11. Just following the central star to the ESE are two mag 11 companions. Several other fainter stars are in the central core including one fairly close preceding. 17.5" (2/28/87): about 75 stars in 6' diameter surrounding Tau Canis Majoris (V = 4.4) in an unusually rich, impressive cluster! Tau is resolved into several components. 13.1": 50 stars in a triangular-shape surrounding Tau Canis Majoris, very rich, impressive. ************************************************************ NGC 2364 07 20 47 -07 33.0 18" (3/13/04): pretty neat group of 50-60 stars at 115x arranged in two rows of stars converging towards the north. The eastern group of stars hooks on the SE end, bending back towards the north. Both groups have strings of faint stars extending to the north beyond a mag 9.5 star located ~5' N of the main groups. Listed as a nonexistent cluster in the RNGC, although the group is fairly distinctive. Discovered by JH (h442): "Two S p close groups of pL st in the milky way, rather a remarkable cl." Identified as a small cluster by Corwin. There are two rich groups of star on the GSC near h's position. Listed as nonexistent in RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2365 = UGC 03821 = MCG +04-18-008 = CGCG 117-020 = PGC 20838 07 22 22.5 +22 05 00 V = 12.4; Size 2.4x1.3; SB = 13.5; PA = 170d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, bright core. A mag 14 star is just off the SW side 0.7' from center and a mag 12.5 star is 1.3' SW. ************************************************************ NGC 2366 = U03851 = MCG +12-07-040 = CGCG 330-038 = Mrk 71 = PGC 21102 07 28 55.0 +69 12 57 V = 11.1; Size 8.1x3.3; SB = 14.6; PA = 25d 18" (3/19/04): at the SW end of the galaxy is a very bright knot (HII region), roughly mag 12.5 and perhaps 15" in size which responds to a UHC filter at 160x! At 323x this knot is irregular in shape (~20"x15", SW-NE) and brightness and at moments resolves into two or three components. The galaxy itself is fairly faint, large, and very elongated SSW-NNE, 3.5'x1.0' with a low surface brightness. 13.1" (1/11/86): fairly faint, very large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, low almost even surface brightness. An unusually bright HII region is at the SW end of the galaxy (2' from the center) and appears as a "fuzzy" 12th magnitude star. Although very small it seems elongated SW-NE and similar to a poorly resolved double star. Definite contrast gain with OIII filter. Discovered by WH (III 748). This NGC dec is about 11' too far S. WH's description "vF, vS, has a vF branch nf" actually describes the HII region at the SW end with the main body of the galaxy as Herschel's "vf branch nf." Copeland's description at Birr Castle clearly places the surrounding objects (stars and nebulous objects) with respect to the HII region! Most modern sources have incorrectly identified the large HII knot as N2363. ************************************************************ NGC 2367 = Cr 137 = E559-SC005 07 20 05 -21 53.1 V = 7.9; Size 4 17.5": 25 stars in a distinctive, fairly rich 6' group, elongated N-S. The brightest star is a close double HLD 87 = 9.4/9.7 at 5". A nice elongated group at the south end includes the bright double, three other mag 11/12 stars and several fainter stars. A compact group of four stars is in the field to the N. Located in rich low power field at 100x. ************************************************************ NGC 2368 = Cr 138 = OCL-571 = Lund 320 07 20 59 -10 22 48 Size 5 17.5": two dozen stars mag 12-14 in 4' diameter, unimpressive although unusual form, no dense spots. Divided into two distinct groupings; a dozen stars in the SW triangular group with a double star 12/13 at 18" separation at the W end; also a dozen stars in the NE group consists of two strings of stars oriented ~N- S forming a thin triangle. The two groups are separated by a dark lane oriented NW-SE. ************************************************************ NGC 2369 = ESO 122-018 = LGG 144-001 = PGC 20556 07 16 37.7 -62 20 37 V = 12.3; Size 3.5x1.1; SB = 13.6; PA = 177d 13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): at 166x this Carina galaxy is fairly faint, fairly large, elongated 5:2 N-S, 1.7'x0.6', broad weak concentration but overall has a fairly low surface brightness (viewed at 16? elevation). In a group with N2381 and N2417. ************************************************************ NGC 2370 = UGC 03835 = MCG +04-18-015 = CGCG 117-036 = PGC 20955 07 25 01.7 +23 47 01 V = 13.6; Size 0.9x0.5; SB = 12.5; PA = 43d 17.5": fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 0.8'x0.4', even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is attached at the NE end 0.4' from center. The galaxy appears to extend from the star like a comet tail! ************************************************************ NGC 2371 = PK 189+19.1 = PN G189.1+19.8 07 25 33.8 +29 29 18 V = 11.2; Size 74"x54" 17.5" (2/14/99): very unusual appearance at 380x with two bright knots oriented SW-NE about 30" between centers. The SW knot is 15"-20" in size, slightly elongated and the brighter of the two. The NE condensation has a slightly lower surface brightness and appears ~20" in diameter. Symmetrically placed between the knots is a faint 14.9 magnitude central star. Weaker nebulosity connects the two knots giving a dogbone appearance and a very faint rounder halo encases the structure! 17.5": unusual planetary, bright, moderately large, elongated SW-NE. Two bright knots are at both ends (with two NGC designations) although the SW end is brighter and concentrated. 13": two condensations in halo. The WSW side is brighter and sharper. ************************************************************ NGC 2372 = PK 189+19.1 = PN G189.1+19.8 07 25 35.8 +29 29 30 V = 11.2; Size 74"x54" 17.5": see description for N2371. 13": this is the fainter NE component of N2371/N2372. Slightly fainter and more diffuse than N2371. See description of N2371. ************************************************************ NGC 2373 = UGC 03848 = MCG +06-17-004 = CGCG 177-014 = NPM1G +33.0105 = PGC 21016 07 26 36.9 +33 49 25 V = 13.7; Size 0.6x0.5; SB = 12.2; PA = 0d 13.1" (2/23/85): faint, elongated, small. A mag 13 star is at the NE edge. Forms a trio with N2375 6.7' E and N2379 10' E. First of seven in the N2389 group. ************************************************************ NGC 2374 = Cr 139 = OCL-585 = Lund 328 07 23 56 -13 15.8 V = 8.0; Size 19 17.5": ~50-60 stars in 7'x4' region elongated SW-NE. Located in a rich star field so the cluster does not have a distinct borders. A detached group with four brighter mag 10-11 stars is off the NE end. The richest portion is 3'-4' diameter at the SW end and consists of three dozen stars over some unresolved haze. At the SW edge is a nice curving U-shaped group of 9 stars mag 13 open to the SW. ************************************************************ NGC 2375 = UGC 03854 = MCG +06-17-005 = CGCG 177-017 = NPM1G +33.0106 = PGC 21035 07 27 09.5 +33 49 54 V = 13.6; Size 1.3x1.0; SB = 13.8; PA = 170d 13.1" (2/23/85): second of three in the N2389 group. Faint, low surface brightness, appears larger than nearby N2379 3.7' E. N2375 lies 6.7' W. ************************************************************ NGC 2376 = MCG +04-18-017 = CGCG 117-039 = PGC 21015 07 26 35.9 +23 04 23 V = 13.8; Size 0.6x0.6; SB = 12.5 17.5": very faint, very small, round. A mag 15.5 star is attached at the W end. ************************************************************ NGC 2377 = UGCA 132 = PGC 20948 07 24 56.8 -09 39 37 V = 12.7; Size 1.7x1.3; SB = 13.4; PA = 170d 17.5": faint, fairly small, elongated SSW-NNE, ~1.0'x0.5', low surface brightness, no core. A mag 12 star is attached at the S end and an extremely faint mag 15 star is involved at the N end. Appears diffuse with ill-defined edges and seems similar to a faint nebulosity in a rich milky way field! Unusually low galactic latitude for a galaxy. Incorrectly listed as nonexistent in RNGC but plotted on U2000. Discovered by Stephan (VI). His position and description exactly matches UGCA 132 although listed as nonexistent in RNGC. Identification given by Corwin. Correctly identified in RC2 as N2377! This galaxy is not listed in MCG. ************************************************************ NGC 2379 = UGC 03857 = MCG +06-17-006 = CGCG 177-018 = NPM1G +33.0107 = PGC 21036 07 27 26.3 +33 48 40 V = 13.5; Size 0.8x0.8; SB = 12.8 13.1" (2/23/85): third of seven in the N2389 group. Faint, extremely small, round. A mag 12.5 star is 1.0' WNW of center. N2375 lies 3.7' W. ************************************************************ NGC 2380 = ESO 492-012 = MCG -05-18-005 = N2382 = PGC 20916 07 23 54.6 -27 31 43 V = 11.2; Size 2.0x1.9; SB = 12.6; PA = 99d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, round, bright core, compact but fairly high surface brightness, appears out of place in very rich milky way field. Located only 5.7? from the galactic equator! ************************************************************ NGC 2382 = N2380 = E492-012 = MCG -05-18-005 = PGC 20916 07 23 54.6 -27 31 43 See observing notes for N2380. JH discovered N2380 (h3079) and N2382 (h3082) but gave approximate coordinates for N2382 although the descriptions matches. Howe gives an updated position in the IC 2 notes which is very close to N2380 although not stated as identical. He could not find N2382 and noted their similar descriptions. ESO has N2380 = N2382. ************************************************************ NGC 2383 = Cr 141 = E559-SC008 07 24 40 -20 56.9 V = 8.4; Size 6 17.5": about 30 stars mag 10-14 in 5' diameter and rich in mag 13-14 stars near the center. Includes three mag 10 stars; one at the W end, another just E of center and the last at the E end. Just SW of the mag 10 star near the center is a rich glowing knot which is very pretty with averted. The cluster is set over unresolved background haze. N2384 is in the field 8' SE. 8" (3/28/81): small, rich cluster of mag 11-13 stars, three mag 10 stars are near, N2384 lies 8' SSE. ************************************************************ NGC 2384 = Cr 143 = E559-SC009 07 25 12 -21 01.4 V = 7.4; Size 3 17.5": about 20 stars mag 9-14 in an elongated E-W group about 5' length. Includes the close bright double star h3964 = 9.0/9.7 at 5" near the center. A mag 9 star is at the W end and close E are two mag 11/12 stars and a group of six fainter stars. The rest of the cluster mainly consists of a string of six brighter stars oriented SW-NE with h3964 at the SW end of this string and a mag 10 star 30" SSE. In the same field with richer N2383 8' NW. 8": small group, including 9.0/9.6 at 5". ************************************************************ NGC 2385 = MCG +06-17-008 = CGCG 177-020 = PGC 21080 07 28 28.2 +33 50 16 V = 14.2; Size 0.7x0.3; SB = 12.4; PA = 50d 13.1" (2/23/85): extremely faint, very small, possibly elongated. Located 5' W of N2388. Fourth of seven in the N2389 group. ************************************************************ NGC 2387 = CGCG 177-023 = PGC 21105 07 28 57.9 +36 52 47 V = 14.3 17.5": extremely faint, very small, difficult, at visual threshold. Two mag 13.5 stars are 1.5' NW and 1.5' SW. The observation is confused by one or two extremely faint mag 15-16 stars located very close. On the POSS, there is an extremely faint companion 30" SE and two very compact companions at the NW and SW edges of the galaxy connected by a bridge. Discovered by WH (II 820). This is an unusually faint galaxy to be classified as class II by WH! Incorrect coordinates given in the NGC. The 1860 position should be 07 19 36 52 51.1 NPD (~7' too far S in NGC). Carlson incorrectly states that N2387 should be removed from the NGC. See Catalogue Corrections, Thomson. This galaxy is not listed in RC3 or MCG. Close companions in observation verified on POSS. ************************************************************ NGC 2388 = UGC 03870 = MCG +06-17-010 = CGCG 177-022 = PGC 21099 07 28 53.5 +33 49 08 V = 13.7; Size 1.0x0.6; SB = 12.9; PA = 65d 13.1" (2/23/85): fifth of seven in the N2389 group. Faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE. N2389 lies 3.4' NE. ************************************************************ NGC 2389 = UGC 03872 = MCG +06-17-011 = CGCG 177-024 = PGC 21109 07 29 04.7 +33 51 38 V = 12.9; Size 2.0x1.4; SB = 13.9; PA = 83d 13.1" (2/23/85): this galaxy is the brightest in the N2389 group. Fairly faint, slightly elongated ~E-W, bright core. Third of three in a tight subgroup with N2385 and N2388. ************************************************************ NGC 2392 = PK 197+17.1 = Eskimo Nebula = PN G197.8+17.3 07 29 10.8 +20 54 42 V = 9.2; Size 47"x43" 17.5": using 410x exhibits a prominent double shell structure with a very bright inner shell about 20" diameter with a darker central hole surrounding a very bright mag 9 central star. Very high surface brightness and easily takes this magnification, bluish color. The inner shell is surrounded by a thin dark ring about 2/3 of the way out from center and a faint barely detached outer halo. Located 1.6' S of mag 8.3 SAO 79428. 13": bright mag 9 central star surrounded by a double shell with a bright inner disk and a dark ring separates the two shells. ************************************************************ NGC 2393 = UGC 03884 = MCG +06-17-014 = CGCG 177-027 = PGC 21154 07 30 04.7 +34 01 39 V = 14.0; Size 1.2x0.8; SB = 13.8; PA = 103d 13.1" (2/23/85): extremely faint, similar in size to N2388 but a lower surface brightness. Located 16' NE of N2389. Last of 7 in the cluster. ************************************************************ NGC 2394 07 28 37 +07 05.2 18" (3/13/04): at 115x, appears as a 15'x5' scattered group of roughly two dozen stars, extended E-W. Includes a number of mag 10-11 stars. The stars appear to be arranged in a zig-zag chain which is fairly distinctive, but may just be a random grouping. Located just 10' NE of Eta CMi (V=5.3) in the same field! Listed as a nonexistent cluster in the RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2395 = Cr 144 = OCL-502 = Lund 338 07 27 13 +13 36.5 V = 8.0; Size 12 13.1": scattered cluster of roughly 50 stars mag 10 and fainter in 15' field, not rich. The Medusa Nebula (Abell 21) lies 30' SE. ************************************************************ NGC 2396 = Cr 148 = OCL-579 = Lund 344 07 28.1 -11 44 Size 10 17.5": about three dozen stars mostly mag 11-13 are resolved at 82x. Evenly distributed, not rich and does not stand out well in a rich field. The brightest star is mag 8.7 SAO 152910 situated at the W side. Located 10' S of ?1097 = 6.1/8.5 at 20"! ************************************************************ NGC 2398 = MCG +04-18-023 = CGCG 117-048 = PGC 21165 07 30 16.3 +24 29 16 V = 14.3; Size 0.5x0.3; SB = 12.1 17.5": faint, small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, broad concentration, stellar nucleus. Forms a very close double system with M+04-18-022 (not resolved). ************************************************************ NGC 2401 = Cr 149 = OCL-588 = Lund 346 07 29 24 -13 58.0 Size 2 13.1": About 7 very faint mag 13.5-15 stars resolved over haze, unimpressive. Located in a very rich field 7' W of mag 7.2 SAO 152963. ************************************************************ NGC 2402 = UGC 03891 = MCG +02-19-004 = CGCG 057-015 = PGC 21176 07 30 47.8 +09 38 59 V = 14.4; Size 0.8x0.8 17.5": faint, very small, round. A mag 14 star is at the E edge 22" from center. A chain of four stars begin with a mag 14 star 40" N and forms a line to the NW. Located 3' N of mag 8.8 SAO 115540. This is a double system in contact. ************************************************************ NGC 2403 = UGC 03918 = MCG +11-10-007 = CGCG 309-040 = CGCG 310-003 = PGC 21396 07 36 54.5 +65 35 58 V = 08.5; Size 21.9x12.3; SB = 14.4; PA = 127d 18" (3/19/04): at 160x, this chaotic spiral displayed a tremendous wealth of detail with two broad, diffuse spiral arms, dark lanes, mottling and a few obvious giant HII regions. A number of stars are superimposed including two mag 11 stars. I focused on observing the HII regions were best viewed at 323x: The brightest is the HII complex N2404 on the east side of the core 1.5' from center and 1.5' N of a mag 11 star to the SW of the core. This knot is fairly bright at 323x, perhaps 15" diameter and irregularly round. On the NW side of the halo is a collinear string, consisting of two stars along with a fuzzy knot, oriented from SW to NE. This HII knot (IRAS 07315+6543) forms the SW end of the string and is clearly nonstellar at 323x, ~15' diameter. It can also be pinpointed 2.4' NW of the mag 11 star west of the core (middle of 3 in a E-W string). At the NNW edge of the core is a mag 13.5 "star" which does not focus and appears to be another HII knot. Close following is a fainter, but definite nonstellar knot ~10" diameter. Finally, returning to the E-W line of three stars on the west side of the galaxy, the eastern star in this trio is just on the SW edge of the core and close south is a fainter mag 14 "star" which has a weak nebulous glow attached. 17.5" (2/27/87): very bright, very large, bright core, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 15'x6'. Impressive galaxy with spiral structure clearly visible. Two spiral arms are attached at opposite ends of the main body and both wind almost 180?. The tip of the northern arm ends at the emission nebula N2404. Several stars are superimposed including two mag 11 stars. 17.5" (2/27/87): two spiral arms are visible on attached at the opposite sides of the galaxy and winding a half of revolution. The northern arm ends at the HII knot N2404. The galaxy has a mottled appearance. 13" (1/11/86): spiral arm definite on the west side of the galaxy with a dark gap between this arm and the main body (core). This feature is very faint but definite with averted. 13" (12/24/84): spiral arm highly suspected attached at the west side winding along the north side to the faint knot = N2404. 13" (1/28/84): very bright, large bright core. N2404 is clearly visible as a faint, very small nebulous knot along the east side of the galaxy. Spiral structure (arms) is just suspected. On 3/24/84 the knot was difficult to view at 144, but on 1/11/86 was fairly easy. 8" (1/1/84): bright, large, bright core, faint star superimposed, mottled? ************************************************************ NGC 2404 07 37 07.1 +65 36 39 18" (3/19/04): brightest of 3 or 4 HII regions visible in N2403. Fairly bright at 160x, small, round. Located just east of the core, 1.5' from center, and 1.5' N of a prominent mag 11 star to the SW of the core. 17.5" (2/22/87): this is a prominent knot (superassociation) located at the end of the northern spiral arm of N2403. Appears fairly faint, small, round, clearly nonstellar. 13": extremely small emission "knot" at the E end of N2403. Superassociation/HII region in N2403 discovered by Bigourdan. The NGC position is in error but later measured accurately by Bigourdan. Listed as nonexistent (T7) in the RNGC although type 35 would be more appropriate. See RNGC Corrections #2. ************************************************************ NGC 2405 = MCG +04-18-026 = CGCG 117-051 = VV 643 = PGC 21224 07 32 14.0 +25 54 24 V = 13.8; Size 0.7x0.5; SB = 12.5; PA = 95d 17.5": very faint, small, very low even surface brightness. A mag 15.5 star is just off the N edge. ************************************************************ NGC 2406 = MCG +03-19-021 = CGCG 086-041 = CGCG 087-002 = NPM1G +18.0161 = PGC 21218 07 31 47.7 +18 17 17 V = 13.9; Size 0.7x0.6; SB = 12.8 17.5": very faint, small, round, faint core, slightly smaller and fainter than N2407 3.4' NNE. ************************************************************ NGC 2407 = UGC 03896 = MCG +03-20-001 = CGCG 086-042 = CGCG 087-003 = NPM1G +18.0162 = PGC 21220 07 31 56.7 +18 19 59 V = 13.4; Size 1.1x1.0; SB = 13.4; PA = 75d 17.5": faint, small, slightly elongated, small bright core. Forms a pair with N2406 3.4' SSW. Located 7' W of mag 7.8 SAO 96995. ************************************************************ NGC 2408 07 40 32 +71 40.5 18" (3/13/04): at 115x, ~50 stars mag 9.5 and fainter are scattered in a 20' triangular group. The group is unconcentrated and there are only a few stars within the interior of the outline. Strings of stars extend off the triangle so there no clear boundaries to the group and it appears to be a chance asterism. A mag 9 star is on the W side of the group. Discovered JH (h452): "A very loose scattered cluster of large stars, or a starry place." His position corresponds with a mag 9 star on GSC. This is a scattered group of *10-12 of ~20' diameter according to Corwin. ************************************************************ NGC 2409 = Bochum 4 = Lund 1128 07 31 37 -17 11.4 V = 7.3; Size 23 17.5": small, bright, distinctive group of 8 stars mag 9-11.5 in a 2' knot. Includes two mag 9 stars in a small quadrilateral and two other pairs. Stands out well in the field, though seems too sparse to be a real cluster (Bochum 4). ************************************************************ NGC 2410 = UGC 03917 = MCG +05-18-023 = CGCG 177-035 = CGCG 147-043 = PGC 21336 07 35 02.4 +32 49 18 V = 13.0; Size 2.5x0.7; SB = 13.4; PA = 31d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated SW-NE, bright core. A pair of mag 14 stars are 1.0' SE and 1.5' SSE of center. ************************************************************ NGC 2411 = UGC 03914 = MCG +03-20-005 = CGCG 177-035 = PGC 21315 07 34 36.3 +18 16 53 V = 13.6; Size 1.0x0.6; SB = 12.9; PA = 50d 17.5": fairly faint, small, almost round, sharp concentration. ************************************************************ NGC 2413 07 33 18.5 -13 07 09 Size 10 18" (3/13/04): appears as two groups of stars symmetrically placed to the north and south of mag 8.7 HD 60307. The southern group is richer and contains nearly three dozen stars within 5'. The northern group contains more mag 10-11 stars but is not as rich with two dozen stars in 7'. This group is probably not a true cluster. Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2414 = Cr 150 = OCL-598 = Lund 352 07 33 13 -15 27.2 V = 7.9; Size 4 13.1": about 20 faint stars surrounding mag 8.2 SAO 153056 with some unresolved background haze. The cluster members are arranged in two curving lanes with a mag 8.2 star at the center, elongated ~E-W, pretty view at high power. ************************************************************ NGC 2415 = UGC 03930 = MCG +06-17-021 = CGCG 177-038 = PGC 21399 07 36 56.6 +35 14 32 V = 12.4; Size 0.9x0.9; SB = 12.0 17.5": moderately bright, fairly small, round, bright core. Located 2.0' SW of mag 9.1 SAO 60227. Bracketed by two mag 14 stars just 0.6' NW and 0.9' ESE of center. ************************************************************ NGC 2416 = UGC 03925 = MCG +02-20-002 = CGCG 058-008 = PGC 21358 07 35 41.4 +11 36 49 V = 13.4; Size 1.0x0.7; SB = 12.9; PA = 110d 17.5": very faint, fairly small, round, diffuse, even surface brightness. ************************************************************ NGC 2418 = UGC 03931 = MCG +03-20-008 = CGCG 087-017 = Arp 165 = PGC 21382 07 36 37.5 +17 53 02 V = 12.2; Size 1.8x1.8; SB = 13.5 17.5": moderately bright, fairly small, round, broadly concentrated halo, bright stellar nucleus. ************************************************************ NGC 2419 = Intergalactic Wanderer 07 38 08.5 +38 52 55 V = 10.3; Size 4.7 17.5": fairly faint, round, 2' diameter, gradually brighter core but no well- defined nucleus, mottled appearance although no resolution into stars. Framed by a quadrilateral of four mag 13-14 stars and a few other faint stars. Collinear with mag 7.0 SAO 60232 4' W and mag 7.9 SAO 60229 8' W. This globular is dubbed the "Intergalactic Tramp" and is one of most distant globulars from earth. 8": very faint, small, round, no resolution. Collinear with two mag 8 stars to the W and a mag 9 star in the field W. ************************************************************ NGC 2420 = Cr 154 = Mel 69 = OCL-488 07 38 24 +21 34.5 V = 8.3; Size 10 17.5": excellent cluster of at least 50 stars mag 11-15 within a 6' diameter. Good spread of magnitudes, includes 15 stars mag 11-13 over a rich background of numerous mag 14-15 stars and unresolved haze. The brightest mag 10 star is on the W side and has a mag 13 companion 12" S. Located between mag 9.1 SAO 79575 6' NNE and mag 8.9 SAO 79563 6' SSW. A faint galaxy pair CGCG 117-059 and CGCG 117-060 are in the field 10' WNW! ************************************************************ NGC 2421 = Cr 151 = Mel 67 = OCL-626 07 36 12 -20 36.7 V = 8.3; Size 10 17.5" (3/7/92): about 60 mag 10-14 stars in a 10' field. Many stars are similar magnitudes and the cluster is pretty evenly distributed. Brighter stars at the borders give a triangular outline including mag 10.5 stars at the SW, SE and NE edges. A wide bright double star 10.9/11.5 at 18" oriented N-S is NE of center and two faint companions are also near. 8": almost three dozen faint stars, triangular-shape, rich field. ************************************************************ NGC 2422 = M47 = Cr 152 07 36 35 -14 29.0 V = 4.4; Size 30 13.1": very bright, very large, fairly rich, impressive. Includes double stars ?1121 = 7.9/7.9 at 7" in the center and ?1120 = 5.7/9.6 at 20" on the W side. Easy naked-eye. 8": very bright, large but scattered, includes ?1121 = 8.0/8.0 at 7" near core and ?1120 on west side, many colored stars. ************************************************************ NGC 2423 = Cr 153 = Mel 70 = OCL-592 07 37 07 -13 52.3 V = 6.7; Size 19 13.1": about 50 stars in 15' field. Fairly rich in faint stars. A mag 9 star (h3983 = 9.1/9.7 at 8") is near the center. The primary, itself, is a very close pair (RST 3532 = 9.6/10.2 at 0.5"). Located 37' N of M47. ************************************************************ NGC 2424 = UGC 03959 = MCG +07-16-009 = CGCG 206-015 = FGC 649 = PGC 21558 07 40 39.3 +39 13 58 V = 12.6; Size 3.8x0.6; SB = 13.3; PA = 81d 17.5": fairly faint, edge-on 5:1 WSW-ENE, very small bright core, faint stellar nucleus, very thin extensions from core. Located 7' WNW of mag 7.8 SAO 60267. Distant globular cluster N2419 lies 37' SW. ************************************************************ NGC 2425 = OCL-599 = Lund 363 07 38 18 -14 52.7 Size 3 13.1": 15 stars mag 13.5-15.0 over haze in a 4'x2' region elongated ~E-W. Four collinear mag 13 stars are on the E end. Lies SE of M47. ************************************************************ NGC 2426 = UGC 03977 = MCG +09-13-038 = CGCG 262-022 = PGC 21648 07 43 18.5 +52 19 06 V = 13.1; Size 1.1x1.1; SB = 13.3 17.5": fairly faint, small, round, small bright core, stellar nucleus. Located 2.7' NNW of a mag 10 star. Forms a pair with N2429 5' NE. Misplotted on the U2000 due to a typo in declination (30' too far N) in the RNGC. Discovered by WH (II 822). JH placed this galaxy at 07 39 27.3 +52 27 03 (1950). UGC, MCG and CGCG identify N2426 = U03977 = M+09-13-038 = Z262-022 at 07 39 26.4 +52 26 16 (1950) which is a an excellent match with h's position. The RNGC declination is offset exactly 30' too far N and should be changed to +52d 23' (1975). Because of the RNGC error, this galaxy is also misplotted on the U2000 atlas. Copeland discovered N2429 5' NE. The RNGC "Y" coordinate is correct so this appears to be a misprint. Listed in RNGC Corrections #5. ************************************************************ NGC 2429 = UGC 03983 = MCG +09-13-039 = CGCG 262-023 = VV 284 = PGC 21664 07 43 47.6 +52 21 27 V = 13.8; Size 1.6x0.4; SB = 13.2; PA = 145d 17.5": faint, small, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE, low even surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is involved at the SE end 0.3' from center and a mag 11 star is 0.8' SE. Forms a pair with N2426 5.0' SW. ************************************************************ NGC 2431 = UGC 03999 = MCG +09-13-042 = CGCG 262-024 = NPM1G +53.0043 = N2436? = PGC 21711 07 45 13.4 +53 04 30 V = 13.4; Size 0.9x0.9; SB = 13.0; PA = 35d 17.5": faint, small, round, small bright core, faint stellar nucleus. A mag 11.5 star is 1.7' SE and a fainter mag 13 star is 2.2' W. ************************************************************ NGC 2432 = Cr 157 = Mel 73 = Lund 369 07 40 54 -19 05.2 Size 8 13.1": three dozen faint stars mag 12-15 in a very elongated string oriented N-S with dimensions 5'x1.5'. This is a rich, pretty group with several pairs. Located along a side of a bright trapezoid of stars. ************************************************************ NGC 2435 = UGC 03996 = MCG +05-19-002 = CGCG 147-062 = CGCG 148-004 = PGC 21676 07 44 13.5 +31 39 03 V = 12.8; Size 2.1x0.5; SB = 12.8; PA = 36d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE. The halo is evenly concentrated down to a small bright core containing a stellar nucleus. A mag 13 star is 1.2' NE. ************************************************************ NGC 2437 = M46 = Cr 159 07 41 47 -14 48.6 V = 6.1; Size 27 17.5": At 100x M46 fills a large portion of the field and there are a few hundred stars fairly evenly distributed in a 35' field. The cluster appears slightly elongated E-W although there are no clear borders. There is no increase in concentration towards the center and except for two brighter stars on the W side the cluster is unusually uniform in brightness (mag 11-13) and distribution in the main body. There is a noticeable 2' void, though, very close to the center of the cluster. Around the periphery the distribution becomes quite scraggly and the cluster mixes with the general field density. The beautiful annular planetary N2438 is situated in the north side of the cluster. 8": bright, very rich, large, includes a couple of mag 9 stars but most stars are mag 10-13 and fairly uniform in magnitude and distribution except for a gap near the center. Contains the striking pn N2438 at the NE edge. ************************************************************ NGC 2438 = PK 231+4.2 = PN G231.8+04.1 07 41 50.6 -14 44 07 V = 11.5; Size 73"x68" 17.5" (3/2/02): at 280x this is a beautiful, 1' diameter PN with a darker central hole at 280x situated on the NE side of the rich oc M46. A mag 13 star (not the central star) is within the central hole slightly offset NW of center. The rim is fairly uniform but slightly brighter along the NE side. The 20" central hole is clearly darker although there is not a dramatic contrast. A brighter mag 11 star is just off the SE edge (about 15"-20" SW of the mag 11 star a faint mag 14-15 star was also intermittently visible) and a string of faint stars oriented WNW-ESE is just over 1' S. M 1-18 is located 22' NNE of N2438. 13": annular planetary on the NE side of M46! Fairly bright, moderately large, round, 1.0' diameter. A mag 11 star is just off the SE edge and a mag 13 star is just NW of the geometric center (this is not the central star). A third extremely faint star lies on the SW side. 8": slightly darker center, fairly small, round. ************************************************************ NGC 2439 = Cr 158 = Mel 74 07 40 45 -31 41.6 V = 6.9; Size 10 17.5": at 220x, 70 stars visible in a 10' diameter. Bright, fairly large, elongated N-S. This is a rich, pleasing cluster and includes mag 6.7 R Puppis on the NE edge. About 1' SW and 1' SSE of R Puppis are two easy but prominent double stars equally spaced with similar magnitudes but with perpendicular orientations (N-S and E-W). Very unusual appearance! These wide double stars are part of an elliptical outline of stars with a void in center. ************************************************************ NGC 2440 = PK 234+2.1 = E560-PN9 = PN G234.8+02.4 07 41 55.4 -18 12 31 V = 9.3; Size 74"x42" 17.5" (2/14/99): this bi-polar planetary reveals fascinating detail at 380x! The compact high surface brightness inner region is elongated NNW-SSE. Two bright knots comprise both ends and the surface brightness is irregular. The nebulosity is much weaker SW of the main body with a cup-shaped dark "notch" protruding into this central bar. The outer halo is oriented SW-NE with a brighter wing similar to a spiral arm attached at the west edge which swings back towards the south. The outer nebulosity is weaker and less well-defined on the N and NE sides. 13": very bright and small with a very high surface brightness. This planetary has a double shell structure with an elongated box-shape oriented NW-SE and a fainter shell oriented SW-NE. One or two condensations are visible in the central part. Located 3.0' W of mag 9 SAO 153271. ************************************************************ NGC 2441 = UGC 04036 = MCG +12-08-015 = CGCG 331-017 = PGC 22031 07 51 54.8 +73 00 55 V = 12.2; Size 2.0x1.7; SB = 13.4 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, diffuse. Only a very weak concentration. ************************************************************ NGC 2442 = ESO 059-008 = N2443 = Meathook Galaxy = PGC 21373 07 36 23.9 -69 31 48 V = 10.4; Size 5.5x4.9; SB = 13.9 20" f/5 (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 127x (20 Nagler), the main body of this unusual galaxy appeared as a fairly faint, large, thick "bar" of just of weak concentration except for an extremely small bright core. On the NE end of the bar, a faint "arm" emerged at a sharp angle towards the NW. The contrast was improved at 212x and the brighter arm was easier to view, extending at nearly a right angle to the main body and curving towards the east on the N side. On the SW end, a broad, short, low surface brightness extension was visible bending towards the SE. The main bar was elongated 2:1 SW-NE, roughly 3'x1.5', but the thick outer arm significantly increased the size to ~4.5'x2'. ************************************************************ NGC 2443 = N2442 = E059-008 = PGC 21373 07 36 23.9 -69 31 48 See observing notes for N2442. This is the NE portion or NE spiral arm of N2442. ************************************************************ NGC 2444 = UGC 04016 = MCG +07-16-016 = CGCG 206-024 = Arp 143 = VV 117 = NPM1G +39.0140 = PGC 21774 07 46 53.0 +39 01 55 V = 13.2; Size 1.2x0.8; SB = 13.0 13.1": forms a interacting double ring system with N2445. Both appear as two nearly stellar knots oriented NNW (N2444) and SSE (N2445) with a separation of 1.0', surrounded by faint halo which may merge. ************************************************************ NGC 2445 = UGC 04017 = MCG +07-16-017 = CGCG 206-024 = Arp 143 = VV 117 = PGC 21776 07 46 55.1 +39 00 54 V = 13.3; Size 1.4x1.1; SB = 13.6; PA = 15d 13.1": this is the SE component of a double galaxy with N2444. Both appear as two nearly stellar knots oriented NNW (N2444) and SSE (N2445) with a separation of 1.0', surrounded by faint halo which may merge. ************************************************************ NGC 2446 = UGC 04027 = MCG +09-13-058 = CGCG 262-030 = PGC 21860 07 48 39.2 +54 36 42 V = 12.9; Size 1.9x1.0; SB = 13.5; PA = 130d 17.5": faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE. Unusual appearance as cradled by several stars including a mag 12 star at the W end, two mag 13 stars at the E end and close NW and a mag 15 star is superimposed. ************************************************************ NGC 2447 = M93 = E493-SC7 = Cr 160 07 44 29 -23 51.2 V = 6.2; Size 22 13.1": about 60 stars, bright, large, pretty rich. Contains a tight quadrilateral near the center with three faint companions. 8": bright, very rich, triangular-shape, pretty compact, excellent field. ************************************************************ NGC 2448 = ESO 493-**8 07 44 33 -24 40.4 18" (3/13/04): at 115x, this is a fairly distinctive 15' elongated group with mag 5.6 HD 62747 near the geometric center. The stars are arranged in a concave star chain extended E-W opening towards the north with the mag 5.6 star just a couple of arc minutes north of the center of the arc. Listed as a nonexistent cluster in the RNGC. ************************************************************ NGC 2449 = UGC 04026 = MCG +05-19-007 = CGCG 148-020 = PGC 21802 07 47 20.4 +26 55 49 V = 13.4; Size 1.3x0.6; SB = 13.1; PA = 137d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated NW-SE, bright core. Forms a pair with N2450 6.0' NNE. ************************************************************ NGC 2450 = MCG +05-19-008 = CGCG 148-022 = PGC 21807 07 47 32.3 +27 01 10 V = 14.4; Size 0.9x0.2; SB = 12.4 17.5": very faint, very small, very elongated NNW-SSE. A mag 14.5 star is just off the NW edge 0.5' from center. Forms a pair with N2449 6.0' SSW. ************************************************************ NGC 2451 = Cr 161 = E311-SC008 07 45 15 -37 58.1 V = 2.8; Size 45 13.1": very bright scattered group of stars including yellow mag 3.6 c Puppis and about 10 bright stars. This naked-eye cluster appears very large but lacking in faint stars. Recent research shows this is a random grouping and not a cluster. 8": very bright, very large, very scattered, includes mag 4 c Puppis. Resolved in 8x50 finder. ************************************************************ NGC 2452 = PK 243-1.1 = E493-PN11 = PN G243.3-01.0 07 47 26.2 -27 20 08 V = 11.9; Size 31"x24" 17.5" (3/2/02): at 380x this is a moderately bright, fairly small but interesting planetary. Appears elongated N-S, ~30"x20" with an irregular surface brightness and a slightly darker center or a darker spot. The halo appears brighter at the north and south ends giving a slightly bipolar appearance with the impression of two lobes diminishing in brightness in the center. A faint mag 14.5 star is just off the north edge. Located 8' S of open cluster N2453. 13": moderately bright, small, slightly elongated N-S, no interior star visible. Located 6' S of open cluster N2453. ************************************************************ NGC 2453 = Cr 162 = E493-SC012 07 47 34 -27 11.7 V = 8.3; Size 5 17.5" (3/2/02): at 220x, this is a small but dense open cluster with about two dozen stars resolved in a 3' region with a mag 9.5 star (SAO 174539) at the NW edge. A very rich 1' clump of mag 12-13 stars is on the SE side with a mag 11.5 star at the south tip of this clump. Two mag 11 stars are 2' S and 2' SE of the central group. Planetary nebula N2452 is in the field 8' SSW making for an interesting pair. 13": about a dozen stars resolved in a compact 2.5' cluster including three mag 9.5-10 stars. The brightest mag 9.5 star is at the NW edge. There is one dense, partially resolved clump. Planetary nebula N2452 lies 6' SSW. ************************************************************ NGC 2454 = UGC 04053 = MCG +03-20-015 = CGCG 087-044 = PGC 21963 07 50 35.0 +16 22 07 V = 13.8; Size 1.0x0.6; SB = 13.1; PA = 100d 17.5": faint, small, elongated 2:1 E-W, small bright core. A mag 14.5 star is 40" S. ************************************************************ NGC 2455 = Cr 163 = Mel 77 07 48 59 -21 17.9 Size 8 17.5": about two dozen stars in a fairly large scattered group. Consists mostly of brighter mag 10-12 which are aligned in two perpendicular rows oriented E-W and N-S. Although the stars are fairly bright the cluster does not stand out as located in very rich field. ************************************************************ NGC 2456 = UGC 04073 = MCG +09-13-082 = CGCG 262-044 = PGC 22129 07 54 10.6 +55 29 43 V = 13.1; Size 1.1x0.8; SB = 13.0; PA = 30d 17.5": faint, small, slightly elongated, broad mild concentration. A mag 14 star is 1.2' SSE. Forms a pair with N2457 5' ENE. ************************************************************ NGC 2457 = MCG +09-13-086 = CGCG 262-046 = NPM1G +55.0040 = PGC 22171 07 54 45.7 +55 32 48 V = 14.7; Size 0.6x0.4; SB = 12.2 17.5": extremely faint, very small, round, very low surface brightness. Forms a pair with N2456 5' WSW. Very faint companions 1.2' E and 3' NNE were not seen. ************************************************************ NGC 2458 = MCG +10-12-016 = PGC 22220 07 55 51.4 +56 42 39 17.5": not found Bigourdan's position(from first observation in 1886) is a perfect match with M+10-12-016, although this galaxy is not identified as N2458 in MCG. The galaxy identified as N2461 in RNGC is actually N2458 (although the RNGC RA is 10 tsec too far E.) The galaxy identified as N2458 in RNGC in either an anonymous galaxy or Corwin proposes N2473 which was likely seen by Rosse but not assigned a number by Bigourdan. N2458 is not in CGCG or RC3. ************************************************************ NGC 2459 07 52 02.8 +09 33 27 17.5" (2/22/03): very small group of 5 faint stars mag 14-15 just resolved at 220x within 30". At low power this knot of stars looks like a nebulous spot. Appears to be a multiple star and not a cluster. ************************************************************ NGC 2460 = UGC 04097 = MCG +10-12-021 = CGCG 287-010 = PGC 22270 07 56 52.4 +60 20 58 V = 11.8; Size 2.5x1.9; SB = 13.3; PA = 40d 13.1": moderately bright, fairly small, bright core, diffuse halo, slightly elongated SW-NE. Forms a pair with IC 2209 5' SW. ************************************************************ NGC 2462 = MCG +10-12-024 = CGCG 287-009 = Ho 88a = PGC 22259 07 56 32.2 +56 41 14 V = 14.5 17.5": faint, very small, round, very weak concentration. Located 10' N of mag 6.5 SAO 64347. First of four on a line with N2463 5.6' E. ************************************************************ NGC 2463 = MCG +10-12-031 = CGCG 287-013 = PGC 22291 07 57 12.5 +56 40 36 V = 14.1; Size 0.4x0.4; SB = 12.1 17.5": faint, very small, round, broad concentration. In a group with N2462 5.6' W and N2469 8' E. ************************************************************ NGC 2467 = ESO 493-SC25 = Sh 2-311 = LBN 1065 = LBN 1066 = LBN 1067 = Cr 164 07 52 29 -26 25.8 Size 8x7 13.1" (1/30/06 - Costa Rica): bright, large nebulosity at 75x using an OIII filter, ~4-5' diameter, surrounding a mag 7.5 star. The main section is roughly mushroom shaped, extending generally south of the bright star. The southern border is locally brighter along a strip oriented NW to SE. There is a sharp light cut-off (apparently due to dust) passing to the north of the central star and oriented E-W. Faint haze extends 15' to 20' to the east towards a 12'-15' string of brighter stars that are oriented NW to SE. The nebulosity brightens and broadens into a 12' stream roughly parallel to the group of brighter stars (catalogued as Haffner 18). Removing the filter this a gorgeous low power milky way field with numerous faint stars superimposed in the region of the nebula. 17.5" (3/2/02): Using a 31 Nagler at 64x and an OIII filter, this is a prominent 7' nebulosity surrounding a mag 8 star. A dark lane appears to cut through the nebula from west to east starting NW of the central star. Fainter nebulosity extends beyond the dark lane but then fades out to the north. The south and southeast border of the main mass has a bright, distinct edge and the southern border has a small extension on the west edge which hooks towards the NW. A finger of nebulosity extends from the main body towards the NW and involves a scattered group of brighter stars (this is Haffner 18). This strip dims but nearly merges with a much larger, elongated mass of fairly faint nebulosity extending NW to SE at a roughly right angle. This section is ~15' in size with an irregular border that is bounded on the NE side by a string of brighter stars. This is a fascinating HII complex to explore in a rich star field! 17.5" (1/23/88): at 82x with OIII filter appears as a large, bright, circular nebulosity about 10' diameter. A mag 7.8 star is involved north of center and several fainter stars are involved. The nebulosity is brightest along the south side in a strip oriented NW- SE. A group of brighter stars is NE (Haffner 18). A separate larger (~15') but fainter section is 10'-15' NE and appears elongated. 8" (3/24/84): fairly bright, moderately large, roughly circular. A mag 8 star is north of center. This is a prominent nebulosity even with this aperture. ************************************************************ NGC 2468 = UGC 04110 = MCG +09-13-095 = CGCG 287-016 = PGC 22325 07 58 02.4 +56 21 35 V = 13.9; Size 1.1x0.5; SB = 13.1; PA = 45d 17.5": fairly faint, very small, oval 2:1 SW-NE. A mag 12 star is off the NW edge 1.2' from center. Located 15' SE of mag 6.5 SAO 26579. The N2461-N2472 group lies 20' N. ************************************************************ NGC 2469 = UGC 04111 = MCG +10-12-035 = CGCG 287-017 = PGC 22327 07 58 03.4 +56 40 50 V = 12.7; Size 1.1x0.8; SB = 12.4; PA = 160d 17.5": fairly faint, small, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE. A mag 14.5 star is off the NW end 0.8' from center. Third of three on a line with N2472 6' E. ************************************************************ NGC 2470 = UGC 04091 = MCG +01-20-009 = CGCG 030-029 = PGC 22137 07 54 20.6 +04 27 34 V = 12.7; Size 1.9x0.6; SB = 12.7; PA = 128d 17.5": moderately bright, fairly small, pretty edge-on WNW-ESE, bright core. ************************************************************ NGC 2472 = MCG +10-12-039 = CGCG 287-019 = N2473? = PGC 22364 07 58 41.7 +56 42 04 V = 14.4; Size 0.6x0.6; SB = 13.1 17.5": extremely faint, very small, very low even surface brightness. Fourth of four on a line with N2469 6' W. Discovered by Rosse and simply described as one of 10 knots. Not seen by Bigourdan. Identified by Corwin as M+10-12-039 = CGCG 287-019. The NGC position is 0.3 tmin W and 3' N of this galaxy, so this identification is not certain. ************************************************************ NGC 2474 = UGC 04114 = MCG +09-13-096 = CGCG 262-052 = PGC 22321 07 57 58.9 +52 51 26 V = 13.3; Size 0.6x0.6; SB = 12.0 17.5": faint, very small, round, very small bright core. Forms a double galaxy with N2475 just 21" NE of center. Located 2.6' SW of a mag 8.8 SAO 26594. 13": this is the SW member of a double galaxy with N2475. Almost stellar, round, faint, N2475 very close NE. Discovered by WH (III 830). The NGC position matches U04114 = M+09-13-096 = Z262-052. Confused with the planetary JE 1 in the PK catalogue and reference given to the CGPN in RNGC notes. Discussed in detail in S&T, 4/81. ************************************************************ NGC 2475 = UGC 04114ne = MCG +09-13-097 = CGCG 262-052ne = NPM1G +52.0051 = PGC 22322 07 58 00.4 +52 51 42 V = 13.1; Size 0.8x0.8; SB = 12.5 17.5": brighter of a double system with N2474 just 21" SW between centers. Moderately bright, small, round, very small bright core. Forms a striking pair with N2474. Located 2.3' SW of mag 8.8 SAO 26594. 13": brightest of double galaxy, moderately bright, small, round. A mag 9 star is 3' NE. ************************************************************ NGC 2476 = UGC 04106 = MCG +07-17-003 = CGCG 207-008 = PGC 22260 07 56 45.2 +39 55 40 V = 12.6; Size 1.4x0.8; SB = 12.8; PA = 135d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, sharp concentration, stellar nucleus, slightly elongated halo. The N2493/N2495 pair lies 40' ESE. ************************************************************ NGC 2477 = Cr 165 = Mel 78 07 52 10 -38 32.0 V = 5.8; Size 27 13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): remarkably rich carpet of mag 11-13 stars at 105x with perhaps 250-300 stars resolved in a 25' field. The appearance is very similar to a highly resolved globular without a sharply concentrated core. There are no distinct boundaries as stars loop outside the main group and many stars are arranged in long streamers. Located roughly 20' N of a mag 4.5 star (HD 64503). 13.1": superb cluster, over 200 stars resolved in a 25' diameter, very rich in mag 11-14 star. Appears similar to N7789 or a rich resolved globular cluster. Located just N of b Puppis (V = 4.5). This is one of the top open clusters in the sky! 8": beautiful, very rich in faint stars mag 11-13, unresolved haze, large. A mag 4 star is at the south edge. ************************************************************ NGC 2478 = N2422 = M47 07 36 35 -14 29.0 See observing notes for M47 = N2422. This is Dreyer's entry for M47! Due to a sign error the position was incorrectly entered in the NGC. The correct position was given by WH as VIII 38 = N2422 which is now referred to as M47. RNGC simply states "NOCL" ************************************************************ NGC 2479 = Cr 167 = Tr 8 = E561-SC001 07 55 07 -17 42.8 Size 7 13.1": about 50 faint stars spread out in a 10' diameter over some haze. Several stars near the center are arranged in a semi-circle open on the E side. A string of stars trail off to the SE. ************************************************************ NGC 2480 = UGC 04116 = MCG +04-19-009 = CGCG 118-026 = PGC 22289 07 57 10.5 +23 46 46 V = 13.7; Size 1.3x0.7; SB = 13.4; PA = 160d 17.5": very faint, very small, very elongated ~N-S, even surface brightness. Forms a pair with N2481 1' SE. ************************************************************ NGC 2481 = UGC 04118 = MCG +04-19-010 = CGCG 118-027 = PGC 22292 07 57 13.7 +23 46 04 V = 12.9; Size 1.4x0.5; SB = 12.4; PA = 18d 17.5": moderately bright, fairly small, edge-on 4:1 SW-NE, bright core, stellar nucleus. Forms a close pair with N2480 1' NW. ************************************************************ NGC 2482 = Cr 166 = E494-SC003 07 55 09 -24 15.0 V = 7.3; Size 12 13.1": about 50 stars mag 10-14 in cluster. The bright stars from a "Y" asterism. Located 1.5? ENE of Xi Puppis. ************************************************************ NGC 2483 = ESO 430-SC002 = OCL-677 07 55 39 -27 53.2 V = 7.6; Size 10 17.5": scattered group of 30 stars mag 9-14 in 10' diameter. Contains mag 8.9 SAO 174829 and a mag 10 star at the E end with 2.5' separation NW-SE. Most of the member stars are arranged in two well-defined intersecting lanes oriented SSW-NNE and E-W. There are no dense areas or prominent double stars. ************************************************************ NGC 2484 = UGC 04125 = MCG +06-18-004 = CGCG 178-011 = PGC 22350 07 58 28.1 +37 47 11 V = 13.1; Size 0.9x0.8; SB = 12.6; PA = 145d 17.5": faint, small, round, broad concentration, faint stellar nucleus. A mag 14 star is just 40" off the SW edge and 0.8' from the center. ************************************************************ NGC 2485 = UGC 04112 = MCG +01-21-001 = CGCG 031-003 = PGC 22266 07 56 48.7 +07 28 40 V = 12.2; Size 1.6x1.6; SB = 13.0 17.5": fairly faint, very small, round, bright core, stellar nucleus, diffuse halo. A mag 13 star is 0.6' S of center. ************************************************************ NGC 2486 = UGC 04123 = MCG +04-19-011 = CGCG 118-029 = PGC 22317 07 57 56.5 +25 09 39 V = 13.3; Size 1.7x0.9; SB = 13.6; PA = 100d 17.5": faint, fairly small, oval E-W, broad concentration, faint stellar nucleus. Forms a pair with N2487 5' ESE. ************************************************************ NGC 2487 = UGC 04126 = MCG +04-19-012 = CGCG 118-030 = PGC 22343 07 58 20.4 +25 08 57 V = 12.5; Size 2.6x2.1; SB = 14.2; PA = 115d 17.5": fairly faint, moderately large, 2' diameter oval, broad concentration. A mag 10.5 is 20" off the S edge and 1.3' from center. Forms a pair with N2486 5' WNW. ************************************************************ NGC 2488 = UGC 04161 = MCG +09-13-109 = CGCG 287-029 = PGC 22520 08 01 45.8 +56 33 13 V = 12.4; Size 1.4x0.8; SB = 12.4; PA = 100d 17.5": faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, bright core. Forms a pair with U04164 6' NNE. ************************************************************ NGC 2489 = Cr 169 = Mel 79 = Lund 408 07 56 16 -30 03.9 V = 7.9; Size 8 13.1": about 50 stars in a 8' diameter. Rich in mag 11-14 stars. A richer group of stars is at the center surrounded by a larger incomplete ring of stars. Located 13' N of mag 6.3 PX Puppis (6.3-6.7). ************************************************************ NGC 2490 = MCG +05-19-027 = CGCG 148-080 = PGC 22382 07 59 17.9 +27 04 40 V = 14.3; Size 0.5x0.4; SB = 12.4 17.5": very faint, very small, round, even surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is just 0.7' E. Located 4.0' NW of brighter N2492. ************************************************************ NGC 2492 = UGC 04138 = MCG +05-19-028 = CGCG 148-080 = PGC 22397 07 59 29.7 +27 01 35 V = 12.7; Size 1.0x1.0; SB = 12.6; PA = 95d 17.5": fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, bright core. Forms a pair with N2490 4.0' NW. ************************************************************ NGC 2493 = UGC 04150 = MCG +07-17-007 = CGCG 207-014 = Ho 91a = PGC 22447 08 00 23.7 +39 49 49 V = 12.0; Size 1.9x1.9; SB = 13.3 17.5": moderately bright, fairly small, round, halo gradually increases to a small bright core. Located 9' SW of mag 7.6 SAO 42123. Forms a close pair with a dim galaxy N2495 1.8' ENE. This galaxy forms the southern vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 9.5 star 5' WNW and a mag 10 star 4.5' NNW. ************************************************************ NGC 2494 = UGC 04141 = MCG +00-21-001 = CGCG 003-002 = IC 487 = PGC 22377 07 59 07.0 -00 38 17 V = 13.1; Size 0.9x0.7; SB = 12.5; PA = 95d 17.5": moderately bright, oval ~E-W, fairly small, bright core. A nice triple star lies 4' ESE; the closer components are mag 11/12 with separation 19". Marth's RA is exactly 1.0 tmin W of U04141 = M+00-21-001 = Z003-002. Swift rediscovered this galaxy and UGC, MCG and CGCG identify this galaxy as IC 487. If Marth made a 1tmin error in RA, then this identification is valid. ************************************************************ NGC 2495 = MCG +07-17-008 = CGCG 207-016 = Ho 91b = Mrk 383 = PGC 22457 08 00 33.2 +39 50 23 V = 15.2; Size 0.4x0.2; SB = 12.4 17.5": extremely faint and small, round. A mag 14.5 is off the E edge 24" from center. Forms a pair with much brighter N2493 1.8' WSW. ************************************************************ NGC 2496 = UGC 04127 = MCG +01-21-002 = CGCG 031-009 = PGC 22359 07 58 37.4 +08 01 45 V = 13.0; Size 1.4x1.2; SB = 13.5; PA = 2d 17.5": faint, small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, weak concentration. A mag 14 star is 30" W. Forms a pair with N2491 4' SW. ************************************************************ NGC 2497 = UGC 04168 = MCG +10-12-061 = CGCG 287-032 = PGC 22547 08 02 11.0 +56 56 32 V = 13.2; Size 1.4x1.2; SB = 13.6 17.5": faint, extremely small, round, stellar nucleus stands out with direct vision. Located 6' E of mag 8.6 SAO 26621. ************************************************************ NGC 2498 = UGC 04142 = MCG +04-19-015 = CGCG 118-034 = PGC 22403 07 59 38.8 +24 58 56 V = 13.4; Size 1.1x0.8; SB = 13.1; PA = 113d 17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, small bright core, elongated NW-SE, faint stellar nucleus. N2486 lies 20' NW. ************************************************************ NGC 2499 = MCG +01-21-003 = CGCG 031-011 = PGC 22366 07 58 51.8 +07 29 33 V = 13.9; Size 1.1x0.7; SB = 13.5; PA = 175d 17.5": very faint, very small, round. Located 2' N of mag 8.9 SAO 26621. Collinear with two mag 11/12 stars 1.5' SW and 3' SW. At 280x, an extremely faint star or knot is superimposed. ************************************************************ NGC 2500 = UGC 04165 = MCG +09-13-110 = CGCG 262-062 = PGC 22525 08 01 53.1 +50 44 15 V = 11.6; Size 2.9x2.6; SB = 13.7 13.1": moderately bright, fairly large, almost round, mottled, weak concentration. Situated midway between a mag 12 star 1.9' NE and a mag 10.5 star 1.7' SW of center. ************************************************************